A method for producing a biofuel by continuous or discontinuous steam cracking of lignocellulosic biomass includes: —recording a digital model of the optimal steam cracking parameters as a function of the nature and the content of the contaminants; —introducing a biomass containing at least part of the contaminated biomass into the steam cracking reactor; —measuring at least once during the treatment the nature and content of the contaminants; and —controlling the adjustment of the steam cracking parameters as a function of the nature and the content of the measured contaminants and of the digital model.

A method for producing a biofuel by continuous or discontinuous steam cracking of lignocellulosic biomass, comprises: —recording a digital model of the optimal steam cracking parameters as a function of the typology of the plant constituents of the biomass; —supplying the steam cracking reactor with heterogeneous biomass; —measuring at least once during the treatment the typology of the plant constituents of the biomass; and —controlling the adjustment of the steam cracking parameters as a function of the typology of the plant constituents of the measured biomass and of the digital model.

A method and apparatus for mixing additives into a fluid fuel at a predictable concentration. The method involves taking a sample of the fuel; mixing the additive into the sample in metered proportions; testing the sample to determine that the correct amount of additive is present; storing the remaining fuel until it is time for the fuel to be used; and mixing the additive into the remainder of the fuel in the same metered proportions.

A method, a system, and an apparatus of certain embodiments are provided to recover water and carbon dioxide from combustion emissions. The recovery includes, among other things, electrolysis and carbon dioxide capture in a suitable solvent. The recovered water and carbon dioxide are subject to reaction, such as a catalytic methanation reaction, to generate at least methane.

A method, system, and apparatus for managing variable, multi-phase fluid conversion to output fuel and energy for providing customizable management for processing a volume of natural gas including a volume of methane and a volume of other alkanes that may be cleaned of the other alkanes using a conversion system to create synthesis gas and other fuel products to be used in onsite or combined heat and power or cogeneration applications. In particular, the method, system, and apparatus provide for automated feedback and control directing various gas constituents to different application units with allocations according to settings system parameters to quickly and efficiently meet the demand for various products while making adjustments in real-time.

A system and method for a multi-chamber biomass reactor that includes: a reaction chamber, comprising the primary chamber for biomass processing; an outlet chamber, adjacent and connected to the reaction chamber; a biomass inlet, comprising a region for the input of biomass into the biomass reactor; a conveyor system, comprising components that actuate the biomass, and other components, through the biomass reactor from the biomass inlet through the reaction chamber, and through the outlet chamber; and a gas exchange system, that controls gas flow within the biomass reactor, comprising: at least one air vent; and an exhaust. The system functions to process biomass, whereby the system converts input biomass into energy rich products, such as coal, char, bio-fuel, fertilizer, briquettes, electricity. The system and method may further include a variable incline module, comprising actuating components that can alter the incline and/or height of the biomass reactor and/or biomass reactor components.

There is provided a method for blending coals for coke production, in which the strength of coke produced from a coal blend serving as a raw material is estimated using a physical property that has not been taken into consideration in the past as an index, so that the method is capable of suppressing an increase in the raw material cost of the coal blend and increasing the strength of coal. Two or more coal brands are blended together to provide a coal blend for coke production. When the two or more coal brands are blended together, the coal brands and the blending ratio of the coal brands are determined using the surface tension of each of the coal brands subjected to heat treatment, the surface tension serving as a control index.

Provided is a technique by which the compatibility between coals for cokemaking can be quantitatively determined to estimate the coke strength taking into account the compatibility and to select and blend coals based on the coke strength estimated taking into account the compatibility, thereby allowing the production of a coke with the desired strength. A method for blending coals for cokemaking includes predicting the strength of a coke to be produced from a blend of a plurality of coals based on a difference between the surface tensions of the plurality of coals after heat treatment and determining the types and proportions of the coals to be blended.

Systems and processes for detecting leaks into a refrigeration system having a heat exchanger where the process side is configured to operate at a higher pressure than the refrigerant side. The system includes a refrigerant circulation system including a refrigerant feed pipe fluidly connected to and configured to provide a refrigerant to an inlet of the refrigerant side of the heat exchanger, as well as a refrigerant effluent pipe fluidly connected to and configured to receive a refrigerant from an outlet of the refrigerant side of the heat exchanger. One or more sensors are provided, the sensors being configured to measure a property of the refrigerant, such as temperature, pressure, or flow rate, for example. Additionally, the system for detecting leaks includes a digital control system configured to provide an alert when a signal from at least one of the one or more sensors is indicative of a leak from the process side of the heat exchanger to the refrigerant side of the heat exchanger.

A method for operating an adsorption-based system for removing water and potentially other components from a feed stream. The system includes at least two dehydration units each comprising an adsorption bed. The method includes the steps of: i) obtaining process data from one or more sensors at a predetermined time resolution, the sensors at least comprising at least one moisture sensor at a specified location in each of the dehydration units; ii) dehydrating the feed stream by operating the adsorption-based system in regenerative mode, wherein at least one active unit of the at least two dehydration units is in an adsorption cycle, and wherein at least another one of the at least two dehydration units is being regenerated; iii) estimating an adsorption bed water adsorption capacity during every adsorption cycle; and iv) using the process data to update the estimated adsorption bed water adsorption capacity.