An improved method for applying an electrically charged lubricant on an oppositely charged carcass trolley in a meat packing plant meeting the requirements of (1) adequate lubricity, (2) “drip-resistance,” (3) safety, (4) rust resistance, (5) economy of manufacture and use, and (6) the ability to be removed by cleaning methods is provided by preparing a mixture of mineral oil, a fatty acid, a silicone oil, and a polybutene, each being acceptable for incidental contact with food.

A lubricant formulation which is effective to remove or prevent carbon deposits in internal combustion engines has a solvency as defined by aniline point from about 20 to about 115, a volatility (as measured by NOACK) of less than 15%, an oxidative stability (as measured by PDSC) of above 40 minutes and a base oil viscosity of above 2 and below 10 cSt. The lubricant formulation can be formed from a blend of Group III, IV and V lubricants, in particularly polyalphaolefins, alkylated naphthalenes and polar Group V base stocks such as polyol esters. The carbon deposits can be removed from the engine piston by simply running the engine with the lubricant for one required cycle, or can be used continuously in the engine to prevent buildup.

A lubricant formulation which is effective to remove or prevent carbon deposits in internal combustion engines has a solvency as defined by aniline point from about 20 to about 115, a volatility (as measured by NOACK) of less than 15%, an oxidative stability (as measured by PDSC) of above 40 minutes and a base oil viscosity of above 2 and below 10 cSt. The lubricant formulation can be formed from a blend of Group III, IV and V lubricants, in particularly polyalphaolefins, alkylated naphthalenes and polar Group V base stocks such as polyol esters. The carbon deposits can be removed from the engine piston by simply running the engine with the lubricant for one required cycle, or can be used continuously in the engine to prevent buildup.

Compositions, methods, systems, and applications herein are directed to lubricant blends that balance solubility and viscosity of a refrigerant, where in some cases the lubricant blends herein help reduce solubility of a refrigerant. A lubricant blend includes a mixture of two or more different types of lubricants to reduce refrigerant solubility.

Compositions, methods, systems, and applications herein are directed to lubricant blends that balance solubility and viscosity of a refrigerant, where in some cases the lubricant blends herein help reduce solubility of a refrigerant. A lubricant blend includes a mixture of two or more different types of lubricants to reduce refrigerant solubility.

Embodiments described herein generally relate to compositions including discrete nanostructures (e.g., nanostructures including a functionalized graphene layer and a core species bound to the functionalized graphene layer), and related articles and methods. A composition may have a coefficient of friction of less than or equal to 0.02. Discrete nanostructures may have a substantially non-planar configuration. A core species may reversibly covalently bind a first portion of a functionalized graphene layer to a second portion of the functionalized graphene layer. Articles, e.g., articles including a plurality of discrete nanostructures and a means for depositing the plurality of discrete nanostructures on a surface, are also provided. Methods (e.g., methods of forming a layer) are also provided, including depositing a composition onto a substrate surface and/or applying a mechanical force to the composition, e.g., such that the composition exhibits a coefficient of friction of less than or equal to 0.02.

Embodiments described herein generally relate to compositions including discrete nanostructures (e.g., nanostructures including a functionalized graphene layer and a core species bound to the functionalized graphene layer), and related articles and methods. A composition may have a coefficient of friction of less than or equal to 0.02. Discrete nanostructures may have a substantially non-planar configuration. A core species may reversibly covalently bind a first portion of a functionalized graphene layer to a second portion of the functionalized graphene layer. Articles, e.g., articles including a plurality of discrete nanostructures and a means for depositing the plurality of discrete nanostructures on a surface, are also provided. Methods (e.g., methods of forming a layer) are also provided, including depositing a composition onto a substrate surface and/or applying a mechanical force to the composition, e.g., such that the composition exhibits a coefficient of friction of less than or equal to 0.02.

A lubricant additive may be synthesized by forming a nanohybrid of a transition metal dichalcogenide and a metal borate, forming a base oil, and then dispersing the transition metal dichalcogenide into the base oil. An exemplary nanohybrid may be synthesized by forming a first solution by adding a borax solution to an aqueous solution of a metal source, forming a second solution by adding ethanol to the first solution, forming a mixture by mixing the transition metal dichalcogenide with the second solution, and heating the mixture at a temperature of 180° C. to 230° C. and a pressure of 5 to 20 bar under a nitrogen atmosphere.

A lubricant additive may be synthesized by forming a nanohybrid of a transition metal dichalcogenide and a metal borate, forming a base oil, and then dispersing the transition metal dichalcogenide into the base oil. An exemplary nanohybrid may be synthesized by forming a first solution by adding a borax solution to an aqueous solution of a metal source, forming a second solution by adding ethanol to the first solution, forming a mixture by mixing the transition metal dichalcogenide with the second solution, and heating the mixture at a temperature of 180° C. to 230° C. and a pressure of 5 to 20 bar under a nitrogen atmosphere.

The present invention generally relates to lubricating oil compositions useful for reducing NOACK volatility in finished lubricating oils of an internal combustion engine. Also disclosed is a method for reducing NOACK volatility in finished lubricating oils in said engine.