Lubrication and friction reduction improves fuel efficiency and reduces energy consumption. Effective and controllable material removal results in superior surface finishing and planarization. Nanosheets are developed with specific functionalization that can be used to reduce friction and wear, improve the fluidic property, and rheological performance

The nanosheets can be from the graphite family, transition metal dichalcogenides, transition metal trichalcogenides, semiconducting chalcogenides, metal oxides, layered hydroxides, clays, ternary transition metal carbides and nitrides, and zirconium phosphates and phosphonates, and their corresponding dopants.

Tribological, rheological, and polishing applications include lubricants, viscosity modification, and chemical-mechanical planarization. The nanosheets are useful in improving efficiency and lifetime of machinery, saving energy for mechanical operations, and optimizing manufacturing processes in surface engineering.

An air-cooled tricone bit having an air conduit corresponding to individual cones of the tricone bit is filled with lubricant or grease with particles therein is disclosed. The grease may include fullerene-like particles, such as tungsten disulfide, molybdenum disulfide, graphene, graphite, or the like. By packing the air conduit of the tricone bit with the grease with particles, the grease with particles may flow during an initial break-in period of the tricone bit to coat the internal components of the tricone bit. This reduces the friction between the internal components of the tricone bit, such as journal bases, cones, and/or bearing elements. The reduced friction between the internal components of the tricone bit result in reduced wear, both during the break-in period and after the break-in period. The reduced wear results in a greater operating lifetime of the tricone bits.

An air-cooled tricone bit having an air conduit corresponding to individual cones of the tricone bit is filled with lubricant or grease with particles therein is disclosed. The grease may include fullerene-like particles, such as tungsten disulfide, molybdenum disulfide, graphene, graphite, or the like. By packing the air conduit of the tricone bit with the grease with particles, the grease with particles may flow during an initial break-in period of the tricone bit to coat the internal components of the tricone bit. This reduces the friction between the internal components of the tricone bit, such as journal bases, cones, and/or bearing elements. The reduced friction between the internal components of the tricone bit result in reduced wear, both during the break-in period and after the break-in period. The reduced wear results in a greater operating lifetime of the tricone bits.

The invention provides an open gear lubricant composition containing a blend of ethylene-propylene copolymers and a metallic soap thickener. The blend of ethylene-propylene copolymers includes a first ethylene-propylene copolymer having a kinematic viscosity at 100 C. of 80 centistokes to 220 centistokes and a second ethylene-propylene copolymer having a kinematic viscosity at 100 C. 500 centistokes to 3000 centistokes. The invention further relates to a method of lubricating a mechanical device with the open gear lubricant composition.

The invention provides an open gear lubricant composition containing a blend of ethylene-propylene copolymers and a metallic soap thickener. The blend of ethylene-propylene copolymers includes a first ethylene-propylene copolymer having a kinematic viscosity at 100 C. of 80 centistokes to 220 centistokes and a second ethylene-propylene copolymer having a kinematic viscosity at 100 C. 500 centistokes to 3000 centistokes. The invention further relates to a method of lubricating a mechanical device with the open gear lubricant composition.

An object of the present invention is to provide magnesium oxide particles that have a high heat conductivity and excellent properties as heat-dissipating filler, and can prevent problems such as soft errors in the memory. The magnesium oxide particles have a BET specific surface area of 0.1 to 17 m.sup.2/g, and an dose of 0.005 c/cm.sup.2.Math.Hr or lower, the particles exhibiting a relation between an X-ray diffraction peak intensity y (cps) at a Bragg angle (2) of 42.80 to 43.00 and the BET specific surface area x (m.sup.2/g) as represented by the following inequality (1):
y960x+33000(1).

An object of the present invention is to provide magnesium oxide particles that have a high heat conductivity and excellent properties as heat-dissipating filler, and can prevent problems such as soft errors in the memory. The magnesium oxide particles have a BET specific surface area of 0.1 to 17 m.sup.2/g, and an dose of 0.005 c/cm.sup.2.Math.Hr or lower, the particles exhibiting a relation between an X-ray diffraction peak intensity y (cps) at a Bragg angle (2) of 42.80 to 43.00 and the BET specific surface area x (m.sup.2/g) as represented by the following inequality (1):
y960x+33000(1).

The present disclosure relates to methods, systems, hydraulic fluids and additives for reducing the rate of surface current degradation for components in a hydraulic system, wherein the hydraulic system is exposed to phosphate-ester-based hydraulic fluid.

The present disclosure relates to methods, systems, hydraulic fluids and additives for reducing the rate of surface current degradation for components in a hydraulic system, wherein the hydraulic system is exposed to phosphate-ester-based hydraulic fluid.

The invention provides an open gear lubricant composition containing a blend of ethylene-propylene copolymers and a metallic soap thickener. The blend of ethylene-propylene copolymers includes a first ethylene-propylene copolymer having a kinematic viscosity at 100 C. of 80 centistokes to 220 centistokes and a second ethylene-propylene copolymer having a kinematic viscosity at 100 C. 500 centistokes to 3000 centistokes. The invention further relates to a method of lubricating a mechanical device with the open gear lubricant composition.