A composition for lubricating and/or descaling in the hot processing of metals includes a solid mixture containing the following constituents: (a) 20 to 60% by weight of condensed alkali phosphate, (b) 10 to 40% by weight boron compound selected from borosilicate glass, boric acid, boric acid salt, or a mixture thereof, (c) 10 to 30% by weight alkali or alkaline earth sulphates, (d) 5 to 25% by weight fatty acid, fatty acid salt, or a mixture thereof. The sum of the constituents (a) and (b) constitutes at least 50% by weight of the mixture and the sum of the constituents (a) to (d) constitutes at least 85% by weight of the mixture.

A plunger lubricant for die casting includes a component (a), a component (b), a component (c), and water. The component (a) is one or two or more compounds selected from among mineral oils, synthetic hydrocarbons, and fatty acid esters. The component (b) is one or two or more compounds selected from among alkali metal salts of higher fatty acids or alkali metal salts of aliphatic hydroxy acids. The component (c) is an alkali metal salt of an oxoacid or polyoxoacid that is able to be dehydrated and condensed.

A compound for enhancing lubrication includes nanoparticles having a size less than 100 nm; and a polyphenol derived agent coating an external surface of the nanoparticles for enhancing the lubrication.

A compound for enhancing lubrication includes nanoparticles having a size less than 100 nm; and a polyphenol derived agent coating an external surface of the nanoparticles for enhancing the lubrication.

A magnetic recording medium that can exhibit good traveling performance during use is provided. This magnetic recording medium is a tape-shaped magnetic recording medium, and includes a substrate including a polyester as a main component, a base layer disposed on the substrate, and a magnetic layer disposed on the base layer. The kurtosis of the surface of the magnetic layer is 3.0 or more. The base layer and the magnetic layer each include a lubricant including a fatty acid and a fatty acid ester. In the lubricant, a ratio of the content of the fatty acid to the content of the fatty acid ester is less than 0.6.

A plunger lubricant for die casting includes a component (a), a component (b), a component (c), and water. The component (a) is one or two or more compounds selected from among mineral oils, synthetic hydrocarbons, and fatty acid esters. The component (b) is one or two or more compounds selected from among alkali metal salts of higher fatty acids or alkali metal salts of aliphatic hydroxy acids. The component (c) is an alkali metal salt of an oxoacid or polyoxoacid that is able to be dehydrated and condensed.

The composition according to the present embodiment is a composition for forming a lubricant coating layer on a threaded connection for pipes or tubes, and contains Cr.sub.2O.sub.3, a metal soap, a wax and a basic metal salt of an aromatic organic acid. The threaded connection for pipes or tubes according to the present embodiment includes a pin and a box. The pin and the box each include a contact surface including a threaded portion. The threaded connection for pipes or tubes includes, as an outermost layer, a lubricant coating layer formed from the aforementioned composition on at least one of the contact surfaces of the pin and the box.

The composition according to the present embodiment is a composition for forming a lubricant coating layer on a threaded connection for pipes or tubes, and contains Cr.sub.2O.sub.3, a metal soap, a wax and a basic metal salt of an aromatic organic acid. The threaded connection for pipes or tubes according to the present embodiment includes a pin and a box. The pin and the box each include a contact surface including a threaded portion. The threaded connection for pipes or tubes includes, as an outermost layer, a lubricant coating layer formed from the aforementioned composition on at least one of the contact surfaces of the pin and the box.

Zinc complex greases with different complexing acids having dropping points comparable to lithium greases and tailor-made dropping points can be made by processing at low temperature in open as well as close kettle process. The present invention discloses a process of manufacturing Zinc complex greases—through reaction of fatty acid and complexing acid with zinc oxide in mineral oil to obtain zinc complex greases having high dropping points of 180 to 280° C.

Zinc complex greases with different complexing acids having dropping points comparable to lithium greases and tailor-made dropping points can be made by processing at low temperature in open as well as close kettle process. The present invention discloses a process of manufacturing Zinc complex greases—through reaction of fatty acid and complexing acid with zinc oxide in mineral oil to obtain zinc complex greases having high dropping points of 180 to 280° C.