This invention relates to a lubricating oil composition, or concentrate therefor, comprising or resulting from the admixing of: (i) base oil, (ii) one or more styrenic block copolymers having a radial structure where one or more blocks derived from conjugated diene monomers are distal to the radial center and one more blocks derived from vinyl aromatic monomers that are proximal to the radial center, and (iii) optionally one or more dispersants and or detergents.

Concentrates containing specific functionalised diblock copolymers serve as effective additives for improving the cold flow behaviour of fuels and oils, the copolymers being derived from a terminally-unsaturated intermediate polymer obtained via a metallocene process involving hydrogen.

Concentrates containing specific functionalized diblock copolymers serve as effective additives for improving the cold flow behavior of fuels and oils, the copolymers being derived from a terminally-unsaturated intermediate polymer obtained via a metallocene process involving hydrogen.

The disclosure relates to viscosity improver concentrates comprising a bio-based liquid decarboxylated rosin acid as a solubilizer, and a viscosity index improver. The viscosity improver concentrate is used in lubricating oil compositions comprising base oil and optional additives. The decarboxylated rosin acid component has at least one or more of: one or more CC groups, and 40-100 wt. % of tricyclic compounds having 18-20 carbon atoms; a sum of tricyclic compounds as aromatic and cycloaliphatic of 50-100 wt. %, based on total weight of the decarboxylated rosin acid; and an amount of cycloaliphatic compounds of 15-100 wt. %, based on total weight of the decarboxylated rosin acid. The viscosity improver concentrates comprising the solubilizer have comparable properties, including compatibility, kinematic viscosity, and viscosity index, to other commonly used fossil based solubilizers.

The disclosure relates to viscosity improver concentrates comprising a bio-based liquid decarboxylated rosin acid as a solubilizer, and a viscosity index improver. The viscosity improver concentrate is used in lubricating oil compositions comprising base oil and optional additives. The decarboxylated rosin acid component has at least one or more of: one or more CC groups, and 40-100 wt. % of tricyclic compounds having 18-20 carbon atoms; a sum of tricyclic compounds as aromatic and cycloaliphatic of 50-100 wt. %, based on total weight of the decarboxylated rosin acid; and an amount of cycloaliphatic compounds of 15-100 wt. %, based on total weight of the decarboxylated rosin acid. The viscosity improver concentrates comprising the solubilizer have comparable properties, including compatibility, kinematic viscosity, and viscosity index, to other commonly used fossil based solubilizers.

Provided are functional polymers based on functionalized styrenic monomers including a nitrogen-containing moiety, other than as pendant to the phenyl ring that are polymerized from addition-polymerizable monomer compositions including amine-derivatized alpha-methyl styrene (ADAMS) monomers according to structure (I).

##STR00001##

wherein k is an integer from 1 to 3, preferably 2; wherein R.sub.1 is a methyl group or a phenyl group and R.sub.2 is a benzyl group, or wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are connected to form a moiety containing one 6-membered ring, with four carbons, bearing an O or NCH.sub.3 group at the 4-position of the 6-membered ring; wherein R, in structure (I), is hydrogen, a phenyl ring co-attached at two neighboring ring carbon positions with the phenyl ring shown so as to form a naphthalene assembly, a phenyl group attached at a single carbon of the phenyl ring shown, a C.sub.1-C.sub.4 hydrocarbyl group (such as a methyl group), a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 4 additional heteroatoms (such as O, N, S, P, Se, and combinations thereof). Also provided are methods of using such functional polymers in lubricating oil compositions.

Provided are functional polymers based on functionalized styrenic monomers including a nitrogen-containing moiety, other than as pendant to the phenyl ring that are polymerized from addition-polymerizable monomer compositions including amine-derivatized alpha-methyl styrene (ADAMS) monomers according to structure (I).

##STR00001##

wherein k is an integer from 1 to 3, preferably 2; wherein R.sub.1 is a methyl group or a phenyl group and R.sub.2 is a benzyl group, or wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are connected to form a moiety containing one 6-membered ring, with four carbons, bearing an O or NCH.sub.3 group at the 4-position of the 6-membered ring; wherein R, in structure (I), is hydrogen, a phenyl ring co-attached at two neighboring ring carbon positions with the phenyl ring shown so as to form a naphthalene assembly, a phenyl group attached at a single carbon of the phenyl ring shown, a C.sub.1-C.sub.4 hydrocarbyl group (such as a methyl group), a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 4 additional heteroatoms (such as O, N, S, P, Se, and combinations thereof). Also provided are methods of using such functional polymers in lubricating oil compositions.

The present application relates to the use of a lubricant composition comprising a base oil or a base oil mixture having a viscosity (BOV or base oil viscosity) of less than or equal to 4, for reducing the particulate emissions of an engine.

The present application relates to the use of a lubricant composition comprising a base oil or a mixture of base oils, for reducing the particulate emissions of an engine, in which said base oil or said mixture of base oils has a kinematic viscosity, measured at 100 C., of less than or equal to 4.5 mm.sup.2/s, and in which said lubricant composition has a viscosity at 150 C. and under constant shear of greater than or equal to 2.4 mPa.s.sup.1.

The present application relates to the use of a lubricant composition comprising a base oil or a base oil mixture having a viscosity (BOV or base oil viscosity) of less than or equal to 4, for reducing the particulate emissions of an engine.

The present application relates to the use of a lubricant composition comprising a base oil or a mixture of base oils, for reducing the particulate emissions of an engine, in which said base oil or said mixture of base oils has a kinematic viscosity, measured at 100 C., of less than or equal to 4.5 mm.sup.2/s, and in which said lubricant composition has a viscosity at 150 C. and under constant shear of greater than or equal to 2.4 mPa.s.sup.1.

The disclosed technology relates to compositions suitable for use as lubricants and lubricant additive compositions which comprise a 1,4-benzoxazine-derived antioxidant, wherein the antioxidant itself may also be described as a 1,4-benzoxazine compound, and optionally comprising other additives suitable for lubricants, such as an anti-wear agent, a detergent, or a dispersant.