The instant disclosure is generally directed to low viscosity, low volatility lubricating compositions. The lubricating composition of the instant disclosure includes an oil of lubricating viscosity that contains a lubricating base oil and a hydrocarbon oil. The hydrocarbon oil makes up least 20 wt % of the oil of lubricating viscosity and has a kinematic viscosity of less than 3.7 c St at 100? C. and a NOACK volatility (measured by ASTM D5800) of less than 25 wt %. The lubricant composition further includes a polyalkenyl succinimide dispersant, and, optionally, other formulation additives. The lubricating compositions have been shown to increase fuel economy in internal combustion engines.

A method for improving wear control of a steel surface lubricated with a lubricating oil through the generation of thick tribofilms. The method includes: (i) using as the lubricating oil a formulated oil, the formulated oil having a composition comprising at least one lubricating oil base stock as a major component; and at least one lubricating oil additive, as a minor component; and (ii) forming a tribofilm on the steel surface. In time-step tribofilm formation measurements of the lubricating oil by a mini-traction machine (MTM) at constant slide-to-roll ratio (SRR), the saturation traction coefficient (f.sub.s), which correlates to tribofilm thickness on the steel surface, is greater than about 0.11. In the method of this disclosure, elongation of timing chain due to wear of chain link pins is less than about 0.07%, as determined by Ford Chain Wear (FCW) test conducted in accordance with ILSAC GF-6 specification. The lubricating oils are useful in internal combustion engines.

A method for improving wear control of a steel surface lubricated with a lubricating oil through the generation of thick tribofilms. The method includes: (i) using as the lubricating oil a formulated oil, the formulated oil having a composition comprising at least one lubricating oil base stock as a major component; and at least one lubricating oil additive, as a minor component; and (ii) forming a tribofilm on the steel surface. In time-step tribofilm formation measurements of the lubricating oil by a mini-traction machine (MTM) at constant slide-to-roll ratio (SRR), the saturation traction coefficient (f.sub.s), which correlates to tribofilm thickness on the steel surface, is greater than about 0.11. In the method of this disclosure, elongation of timing chain due to wear of chain link pins is less than about 0.07%, as determined by Ford Chain Wear (FCW) test conducted in accordance with ILSAC GF-6 specification. The lubricating oils are useful in internal combustion engines.

A method for improving wear control, while maintaining or improving deposit control and cleanliness, in an engine or other mechanical component lubricated with a lubricating oil by using as the lubricating oil a formulated oil. The formulated oil has a composition including a lubricating oil base stock as a major component, and specific combinations of low soap detergents, dispersants, and/or mixtures thereof, as a minor component. The low soap detergents include alkaline earth metal salicylates, alkaline earth metal sulfonates, or mixtures thereof, all having the same or different total base number (TBN). The total amount of soap delivered by the low soap detergent is less than 0.60 weight percent of the lubricating oil. The dispersants include borated and/or non-borated polyisobutylene succinimide (PIMA) having a basic nitrogen content of 1% or greater. The lubricating oils are useful in internal combustion engines.

A method for improving wear control of a steel surface lubricated with a lubricating oil through the generation of fast-forming tribofilms. The method includes: (i) using as the lubricating oil a formulated oil, the formulated oil having a composition comprising at least one lubricating oil base stock as a major component, and at least one detergent, as a minor component; and (ii) forming a tribofilm on the steel surface. The time for the tribofilm to reach 95% of its saturation coverage (t.sub.95,sat) on the steel surface is less than about 50 minutes, as determined by a high frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) in accordance with a modified version of ASTM D6079. A lubricating oil including an ester base stock, an alkylated naphthalene base stock, or mixtures thereof, as a major component; and at least one detergent including an alkaline earth metal salicylate, an alkaline earth metal sulfonate, or mixtures thereof, as a minor component.

A method of reducing low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI) in a direct-injected spark-ignited internal combustion engine comprising lubricating the crankcase of the engine with a composition comprising a combination of a molybdenum-containing additive and a boron-containing additive. Preferably, the composition comprises a calcium detergent providing a calcium content of at least 0.08 wt %, based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition.

A method of reducing low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI) in a direct-injected spark-ignited internal combustion engine comprising lubricating the crankcase of the engine with a composition comprising a combination of a molybdenum-containing additive and a boron-containing additive. Preferably, the composition comprises a calcium detergent providing a calcium content of at least 0.08 wt %, based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition.

A lubricating composition includes at least one base oil, at least one borated dispersant, at least two antioxidants selected from amine antioxidants, phenolic antioxidants substituted with one or more linear or branched alkyl groups having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof, and at least one phosphite polymer having the formula (I) wherein: each of the R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 can be independently selected from the C1-C20 alkyl, C3-C22 alkenyl, C6-C40 cycloalkyl, C7-C40 cycloalkenyl, C1-20 methoxy alkyl glycol ethers and YOH groups; Y is selected from C2-C40 alkylene, C2-C40 alkyl lactone, R.sup.7N(R.sup.8)R.sup.9 groups, in which R.sup.7, R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 are independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C20 alkyl, C3-C22 alkenyi, C6-C40 cycloalkyl, C7-C40 cycloalkenyl, C1-20 methoxy alkyl glycol ethers; m is an integer from 2 to 100; n is an integer from 1 to 1000.

The present invention relates to a mixture of polyalkylsiloxanes obtainable through a hydrosilylation reaction wherein a mixture of monounsaturated olefins is reacted with an amount of one or more polyalkylhydrosiloxanes in the presence of a hydrosilylation catalyst. Furthermore, the invention concerns polyalkylsiloxane comprising alkyl side chains consisting of linear or branched alkyl groups with 40 to 60 carbon atoms, with 16 to 30 carbon atoms, and 6 to 15 carbon atoms. In addition, the present invention relates to water-based compositions suitable for use in metal casting processes as a mold release agent comprising a mixture of polyalkylsiloxanes, a non-ionic surfactant having a HLB value of at least 8, and less than 20 wt.-% of waxes. In addition, the present invention relates to the use of the polyalkylsiloxanes and mixtures of polyalkylsiloxanes.

The present invention relates to a mixture of polyalkylsiloxanes obtainable through a hydrosilylation reaction wherein a mixture of monounsaturated olefins is reacted with an amount of one or more polyalkylhydrosiloxanes in the presence of a hydrosilylation catalyst. Furthermore, the invention concerns polyalkylsiloxane comprising alkyl side chains consisting of linear or branched alkyl groups with 40 to 60 carbon atoms, with 16 to 30 carbon atoms, and 6 to 15 carbon atoms. In addition, the present invention relates to water-based compositions suitable for use in metal casting processes as a mold release agent comprising a mixture of polyalkylsiloxanes, a non-ionic surfactant having a HLB value of at least 8, and less than 20 wt.-% of waxes. In addition, the present invention relates to the use of the polyalkylsiloxanes and mixtures of polyalkylsiloxanes.