Prior high pressure lubricant additives have contained short-chained chlorinated paraffins which are toxic and harmful to the environment. An environmentally friendly high pressure lubricant additives is provided by combining 74.5% to 84.5% by weight chlorinated alkanes, such as PAROIL 310 NR or PAROIL 353 NR, and from 15.5% to 25.5% by weight mineral oil. The high pressure lubricant additive can be added to motor oil, or other lubricants such as hydraulic fluid, cutting oil, gear box oil, automatic transmission fluid and penetrating oil

A metallic fastener has a threaded portion coated with a composition. The composition includes (a) a paraffin wax with a melting temperature in the range of 50 to 70 C. (b) 1 to 5 parts by weight (pbw) of a resin per pbw of paraffin wax, (c) 0.1 to 0.25 pbw graphite per pbw of paraffin wax, and (d) 0.05 to 0.30 pbw of an FDA-approved silica per pbw of paraffin wax. A process for coating the metallic fastener includes: (i) providing the composition as defined above, (ii) maintaining the fastener or bringing it to a temperature in the range of 30 to 70 C., (iii) applying the composition at a temperature in the range of 100 to 170 C., (iv) optionally, removing surplus composition, (v) cooling the fastener to less than 100 C., (vi) finishing the fastener in a water bath, and (vii) drying the fastener.

A metallic fastener has a threaded portion coated with a composition. The composition includes (a) a paraffin wax with a melting temperature in the range of 50 to 70 C. (b) 1 to 5 parts by weight (pbw) of a resin per pbw of paraffin wax, (c) 0.1 to 0.25 pbw graphite per pbw of paraffin wax, and (d) 0.05 to 0.30 pbw of an FDA-approved silica per pbw of paraffin wax. A process for coating the metallic fastener includes: (i) providing the composition as defined above, (ii) maintaining the fastener or bringing it to a temperature in the range of 30 to 70 C., (iii) applying the composition at a temperature in the range of 100 to 170 C., (iv) optionally, removing surplus composition, (v) cooling the fastener to less than 100 C., (vi) finishing the fastener in a water bath, and (vii) drying the fastener.

Technical lignin compositions and pyrolysis methods for forming such technical lignin compositions from pyrolyzed biomass are provided. The technical lignin compositions can include at least about 50 wt % phenolic polymers and/or at least about 75 wt % combined phenolic monomers and phenolic polymers. In some aspects, less than about 50 wt % of the linkages between benzylic units in the phenolic polymers and/or in the composition can correspond to -O-4 linkages. At least about 50 wt% of the hydroxyl groups in the composition can correspond to phenolic hydroxyl groups. At least about 60 wt % of the phenolic hydroxyl groups and/or phenolic ether groups can correspond to phenolic hydroxyl groups and/or phenolic ether groups in an ortho position relative to at least one substituent.

Technical lignin compositions and pyrolysis methods for forming such technical lignin compositions from pyrolyzed biomass are provided. The technical lignin compositions can include at least about 50 wt % phenolic polymers and/or at least about 75 wt % combined phenolic monomers and phenolic polymers. In some aspects, less than about 50 wt % of the linkages between benzylic units in the phenolic polymers and/or in the composition can correspond to -O-4 linkages. At least about 50 wt% of the hydroxyl groups in the composition can correspond to phenolic hydroxyl groups. At least about 60 wt % of the phenolic hydroxyl groups and/or phenolic ether groups can correspond to phenolic hydroxyl groups and/or phenolic ether groups in an ortho position relative to at least one substituent.

A heat treatment oil composition is provided that suppresses the decrease of luster in a heat treatment of a metal material, and is capable of suppressing the increase of the number of second (characteristic number of second) until reaching the temperature where the vapor blanket stage ends with the lapse of time and the decrease of the kinetic viscosity with the lapse of time. The heat treatment oil composition contains (A) a base oil and (B) a vapor blanket breaking agent selected from one or more of a petroleum resin, a terpene resin, rosin, and derivatives thereof.

A heat treatment oil composition is provided that suppresses the decrease of luster in a heat treatment of a metal material, and is capable of suppressing the increase of the number of second (characteristic number of second) until reaching the temperature where the vapor blanket stage ends with the lapse of time and the decrease of the kinetic viscosity with the lapse of time. The heat treatment oil composition contains (A) a base oil and (B) a vapor blanket breaking agent selected from one or more of a petroleum resin, a terpene resin, rosin, and derivatives thereof.

A hydrocarbon and water emulsion comprising at least one copper salt of a carboxylic acid.

A hydrocarbon and water emulsion comprising at least one copper salt of a carboxylic acid.

A method for preventing degradation of physical and chemical properties, and for increasing lubricity, of a hydrocarbon and water emulsion, comprising adding to the emulsion an effective amount of at least one copper salt of a carboxylic acid for enabling at least one bacterium species from Pseudomonas genus to become dominant in the emulsion.