A compound of formula (I):

##STR00001## wherein W is independently selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, Br, and I; X is independently selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, Br, and I; Y is independently selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, and I; Z is independently selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, Br, and I; n is an integer from 1 to 8; and n′ is an integer from 1 to 12.

A fluorine-containing ether compound represented by a formula (1) shown below.
R.sup.4—CH.sub.2—R.sup.3—CH.sub.2—R.sup.2—CH.sub.2—R.sup.1—CH.sub.2—R.sup.2—CH.sub.2—R.sup.3—CH.sub.2—R.sup.5  (1) In formula (1), R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 represent the same or different perfluoropolyether chains, R.sup.2 represents a linking group containing at least one polar group, one or both of R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 represent a terminal group containing two or more polar groups, and R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are different.

A sliding member in which a sliding layer is capable of exhibiting excellent sliding characteristics in terms of seizure resistance, wear resistance and heat resistance.

A method for manufacturing the sliding member of the present teachings is a method for manufacturing a sliding member to manufacture a sliding member sliding with a mating material. The manufacturing method includes irradiating particulate ultra high molecular weight polyethylene with radiation rays in a sealed state, and crosslinking the ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, preparing a composition for a sliding layer containing a solid lubricant and a binder resin, and forming a sliding layer sliding with the mating material by providing the composition for a sliding layer on a base material, and obtaining the sliding member. The solid lubricant includes the ultra high molecular weight polyethylene crosslinked during the irradiating and the crosslinking.

Lubricant compositions and methods of applying lubricant compositions are provided that overcome problems associated with over-lubrication and waste of lubricants in a variety of industrial settings. In various aspects, a lubricant composition is provided with one or more carriers, wherein the surface tensions of the lubricant and carrier are selected to provide precise lubrication of a surface with the lubricant effectively wetting the surface. In various aspects, a lubricant composition is provided with one or more carriers, wherein the boiling points of the lubricant and carrier are selected to provide precise lubrication with easy removal of the carrier and wetting of the lubricant on the surface. In various aspects, methods of applying a precise amount of lubricant to a surface are provided to avoid waste of lubricant in various industrial settings.

Disclosed are metal cleaning formulations and methods of use. A formulation of the present teachings comprises one or more furoate esters such as ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate and methyl 5-methyl-2-furoate. The formulations further comprise a base oil, which can be, for example, a naphthenic oil, a synthetic oil or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, a formulation can further comprise a metal protection additive and a lubrication additive. A variety of base oils, metal protection additives, and lubrication additives are suitable for use in the present teachings. Formulations of the present teachings are especially useful for the cleaning of metal products such as firearms. The cleaning power of a formulation of the instant teachings can exceed that required for US Military Specifications.

The object of the present invention is to provide a foreign substance removing lubricant composition having high foreign substance removing effects and being capable of improving the lubricating properties as compared to conventional lubricant compositions, a foreign substance removing lubricant composition applied member, and a method for using the foreign substance removing lubricant composition. The foreign substance removing lubricant composition of the present invention comprises a perfluoroalkyl group containing compound (S) having a perfluoroalkyl group or a fluoropolyether containing compound. As a result, foreign substance removing effects can be enhanced, and the lubricating properties can be improved as compared to the conventional lubricant compositions.

A compound of formula (I): wherein W is independently selected from the group consisting of H, F, CI, Br, and I; X is independently selected from the group consisting of H, F, CI, Br, and I; Y is independently selected from the group consisting of F, CI, Br, and I; Z is independently selected from the group consisting of H, F, CI, Br, and I; n is an integer from 1 to 8; and n is an integer from 1 to 12. ##STR00001##

A fluorine-containing ether compound represented by a formula (1) shown below.

R.sup.4CH.sub.2R.sup.3CH.sub.2R.sup.2CH.sub.2R.sup.1CH.sub.2R.sup.2CH.sub.2R.sup.3CH.sub.2R.sup.5(1)

In formula (1), R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 represent the same or different perfluoropolyether chains, R.sup.2 represents a linking group containing at least one polar group, one or both of R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 represent a terminal group containing two or more polar groups, and R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are different.

A composition comprising a heat transfer portion and a lubricating portion, wherein the lubricating portion comprises one or more compounds according to formula (I): wherein W is independently selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, Br and I; Y is independently selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br and I; Z is independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, (CW.sub.2).sub.PCW.sub.3, CY.sub.3, OCW.sub.3, 0(CW.sub.2).sub.pCW.sub.3, OCW((CY.sub.2).sub.mCY.sub.3)CWCW.sub.2, polyalkylene glycol and polyolester; n is an integer from 2 to 250; m is an integer from 0 to 3; and p is an integer from 0 to 9.

A compound of formula (I): wherein W is independently selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, Br, and I; X is independently selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, Br, and I; Y is independently selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, and I; Z is independently selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, Br, and I; n is an integer from 1 to 8; and n is an integer from 1 to 12.

##STR00001##