Disclosed are materials that possess both low adhesion and the ability to absorb water. The material passively absorbs water from the atmosphere and then expels this water upon impact with debris, to create a self-cleaning layer. The lubrication reduces friction and surface adhesion of the debris (such as an insect), which may then slide off the surface. The invention provides a material comprising a continuous matrix including a polymer having a low surface energy (less than 50 mJ/m.sup.2) and a plurality of inclusions, dispersed within the matrix, each comprising a hygroscopic material. The continuous matrix and the inclusions form a lubricating surface layer in the presence of humidity. The material optionally contains porous nanostructures that inject water back onto the surface after an impact, absorbing water under pressure and then releasing water when the pressure is removed. The material may be a coating or a surface, for example.

Disclosed are materials that possess both low adhesion and the ability to absorb water. The material passively absorbs water from the atmosphere and then expels this water upon impact with debris, to create a self-cleaning layer. The lubrication reduces friction and surface adhesion of the debris (such as an insect), which may then slide off the surface. The invention provides a material comprising a continuous matrix including a polymer having a low surface energy (less than 50 mJ/m.sup.2) and a plurality of inclusions, dispersed within the matrix, each comprising a hygroscopic material. The continuous matrix and the inclusions form a lubricating surface layer in the presence of humidity. The material optionally contains porous nanostructures that inject water back onto the surface after an impact, absorbing water under pressure and then releasing water when the pressure is removed. The material may be a coating or a surface, for example.

A lubricating oil composition includes: a lubricant base having a kinematic viscosity at 100 C. of 1.0 to 10 mm.sup.2/s and % C.sub.P of no less than 70; (A) 0.1 to 30 mass % of a poly(meth)acrylate viscosity index improver having a PSSI of no more than 5, a weight average molecular weight of 10,000 to 500,000, a ratio A/B of less than 2.4 and a ratio C/B of less than 1.4, the ratio A/B being a ratio of a viscosity increase effect A on kinematic viscosity at 100 C. to a viscosity increase effect B on HTHS viscosity at 150 C., and the ratio C/B being a ratio of a viscosity increase effect C on kinematic viscosity at 150 C. to the viscosity increase effect B on HTHS viscosity at 150 C.; and (B) 0.01 to 2.0 mass % of a friction modifier.

The invention provides a lubricating composition containing an oil of lubricating viscosity and a block copolymer. The block copolymer may contain (a) a hydrophobic first block having C.sub.1-30 alkyl (meth)acrylic units, wherein at least 50 wt % of the C.sub.1-30 alkyl (meth)acrylic units are C.sub.12-15 alkyl (meth)acrylic units, and up to 50 wt % of the C.sub.1-30 alkyl (meth)acrylic units are C.sub.16-20 alkyl (meth)acrylic units, with the proviso that alkyl groups of the C.sub.1-30 alkyl (meth)acrylic units have an average total number of carbon atoms of at least 8; and (b) a second block having (meth)acrylic units further having a heteroatom-containing group providing a polar group. The invention further relates to a method of lubricating an internal combustion engine by lubricating the engine with the lubricating composition. The invention further relates to the use of the block copolymer as an emulsifier and/or pour point depressant.

The invention provides a lubricating composition containing an oil of lubricating viscosity and a block copolymer. The block copolymer may contain (a) a hydrophobic first block having C.sub.1-30 alkyl (meth)acrylic units, wherein at least 50 wt % of the C.sub.1-30 alkyl (meth)acrylic units are C.sub.12-15 alkyl (meth)acrylic units, and up to 50 wt % of the C.sub.1-30 alkyl (meth)acrylic units are C.sub.16-20 alkyl (meth)acrylic units, with the proviso that alkyl groups of the C.sub.1-30 alkyl (meth)acrylic units have an average total number of carbon atoms of at least 8; and (b) a second block having (meth)acrylic units further having a heteroatom-containing group providing a polar group. The invention further relates to a method of lubricating an internal combustion engine by lubricating the engine with the lubricating composition. The invention further relates to the use of the block copolymer as an emulsifier and/or pour point depressant.

Provided is a defoaming agent showing an excellent defoaming property. Specifically, the defoaming agent includes a polymer containing as a polymerization component a polymerizable monomer (1) having a urethane bond and a fluorine-containing functional group and/or a silicone chain-containing functional group.

The present invention relates to an engine oil lubricant composition for use in internal combustion engines comprising one or more molybdenum containing compounds that deliver 1-1000 ppm molybdenum to the finished oil, one or more phosphorus containing compounds that deliver 25-650 ppm phosphorus to the finished oil, and one or more poly(meth)acrylate viscosity index improvers (VI improvers) that may or may not be functionalized, for improved fuel economy and turbocharger related deposits. In addition, the composition comprises an antioxidant system which is carefully balanced to provide improved fuel economy, comprising an aminic antioxidant, a phenolic antioxidant and an ashless dithiocarbamate. Additionally, the formulated oil may contain a dispersant poly(meth)acrylate, in addition to the PAMA VI improver, to reduce the amount of traditional succinimide dispersants.

The invention concerns a polymeric antimicrobial composition, a method of producing the same and the uses thereof. The ionomer composition comprises an amine functional polymer compound reacted with silver halide, optionally together with a stabilizing component, such as an organic substance carrying a sulfonamide functional group. The ionomer composition can be obtained by reacting together (i) at least one polyamine and silver halide and optionally at least one organic stabilizer substance or; (ii) at least one polyamine, at least one non-halide silver salt or silver complex, hydrogen halide and/or alkaline metal halide salt and optionally at least one organic stabilizer substance. The present ionomer composition is suitable for use as an antimicrobial coating, antimicrobial finish, antimicrobial additive and as antimicrobial component for formation of new antimicrobial materials.

Disclosed are materials that possess both low adhesion and the ability to absorb water. The material passively absorbs water from the atmosphere and then expels this water upon impact with debris, to create a self-cleaning layer. The lubrication reduces friction and surface adhesion of the debris (such as an insect), which may then slide off the surface. The invention provides a material comprising a continuous matrix including a polymer having a low surface energy (less than 50 mJ/m.sup.2) and a plurality of inclusions, dispersed within the matrix, each comprising a hygroscopic material. The continuous matrix and the inclusions form a lubricating surface layer in the presence of humidity. The material optionally contains porous nanostructures that inject water back onto the surface after an impact, absorbing water under pressure and then releasing water when the pressure is removed. The material may be a coating or a surface, for example.

A composition containing metal based nanoparticles (X), a polymer (Y), and a dispersion medium, the polymer (Y) being a vinyl polymer having a chain-like alkyl group having 10 to 28 carbon atoms and a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group, the metal based nanoparticles (X) and the polymer (Y) being dispersed in the dispersion medium, the composition being used as an additive composition for a lubricating oil composition, an additive composition for a grease composition, a lubricating oil composition, or a grease composition.

The polymer (Y) is one or more kind selected from the group consisting of a polymer (Y1) that contains two or more kinds selected from the group consisting of a constitutional unit derived from the following monomer (ya), a constitutional unit derived from the following monomer (yb), and a constitutional unit derived from the following monomer (yc), and a polymer (Y2) that contains a constitutional unit derived from the following monomer (yb) and does not contain a constitutional unit derived from the following monomer (ya) and a constitutional unit derived from the following monomer (yc): monomer (ya): an olefin having 12 to 30 carbon atoms, monomer (yb): a vinyl monomer having a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group, at least one hydrogen atom of which is substituted by a chain-like alkyl group having 12 to 30 carbon atoms, and monomer (yc): a vinyl monomer having a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group, all hydrogen atoms of which are not substituted by a chain-like alkyl group having 12 to 30 carbon atoms.