The present invention relates to additives for reducing friction and wear in lubricants. In particular, the present invention relates to novel salts and their use in lubricating oil compositions for reducing friction and wear. In particular, the present invention relates to one or more ionic liquids, wherein the one or more ionic liquids comprise one or more cations and one or more Group 6 metal mononuclear metallate anions.

A dry lubricant composition in powder form is provided based on a mixture of alkali metal salts of fatty acids and fatty acid glycerides which is useful in the production of aluminium cans in a deep drawing process, wherein the formed aluminium cans are immediately further processed to yield thin inorganic and/or organic protective coatings. The invention also encompasses the use of the lubricating powder for cold forming of aluminium as well as a process for the deep drawing of aluminium cans.

A metal detergent and a preparation method thereof and a lubricant oil containing the metal detergent. The metal detergent is sulfurized calcium alkyl phenolate, the method for preparing the metal detergent includes the following steps: a) mixing alkyl phenol, a calcium source and base oil to obtain a mixed solution; b) mixing the mixed solution, ethylene glycol and a sulfur source to carry out sulfurization reaction to obtain a sulfurization reaction solution; c) implementing carbonation reaction between the sulfurization reaction solution and CO.sub.2 to obtain a carbonation reaction solution; and d) extracting the carbonation reaction solution with a solvent, upon refining, to obtain sulfurized calcium alkyl phenolate; wherein the solvent includes solvent oil, water and oxygenous derivative of hydrocarbon. Experimental results show that the content of free alkyl phenol is below 1.5 wt % in the sulfurized calcium alkyl phenolate prepared using the preparation method provided by the present application.

The disclosed technology provides a lubricating composition and a method of lubricating an internal combustion engine where the lubricating composition contains an oil of lubricating viscosity, one or more metal-containing, sulfur-free, alkyl-phenol based detergents, an alkaline earth metal sulfonate detergent, a polyisobutenyl succinimide dispersant, and a dispersant viscosity modifier having a number average molecular weight of at least 20,000. The lubricating composition of the present invention can be formulated to have lower HTHS viscosity, and reduced phosphorous content, while providing protection against adhesive wear.

The present patent application relates to the use, as detergent additive in a lubricating composition intended for a marine engine, of at least one spiro compound of formula (I)

##STR00001## in which M is an atom chosen from boron and aluminum; n1 and n2 have, independently of one another, the value 0, 1 or 2; and R represent, independently of one another, a hydrocarbon group comprising from 1 to 50 carbon atoms, in particular from 5 to 20 carbon atoms.

It also relates to the use of said spiro compound as additive in a lubricating composition intended for a marine engine, for improving the stability to oxidation of said lubricating composition.

Finally, it relates to a lubricating composition intended for the lubrication of a marine engine, comprising one or more base oils and at least one spiro compound of formula (I), and also to a process of lubrication of a marine engine employing such a composition.

A sulfurized alkaline earth metal (e.g., calcium) dodecylphenate is prepared by reacting (i) dodecylphenol with (ii) calcium hydroxide or calcium oxide in an amount of about 0.3 to about 0.7 moles per mole of dodecylphenol charged and (iii) an alkylene glycol in an amount of about 0.13 to about 0.6 moles per mole of dodecylphenol charged; and reacting the product of the first step with sulfur in an amount of about 1.6 to about 3 moles per mole of dodecylphenol charged; and thereafter optionally reacting the product with additional calcium hydroxide or calcium oxide and with carbon dioxide so as to form an overbased phenate. The product thus prepared has reduced levels of monomeric dodecylphenol.

The present disclosure provides a method for preparing a sulfurized alkyl phenate product to achieve a high sulfurization ratio of sulfurized alkyl phenate to unsulfurized alkyl phenate/phenol in the context of a neutralized and optionally overbased additive. The sulfurized alkyl phenate product is obtained by sulfurizing an alkyl phenol with a sulfur chloride blend that includes about 40 to about 75 weight percent of sulfur dichloride.

A metal detergent and a preparation method thereof and a lubricant oil containing the metal detergent. The metal detergent is sulfurized calcium alkyl phenolate, the method for preparing the metal detergent includes the following steps: a) mixing alkyl phenol, a calcium source and base oil to obtain a mixed solution; b) mixing the mixed solution, ethylene glycol and a sulfur source to carry out sulfurization reaction to obtain a sulfurization reaction solution; c) implementing carbonation reaction between the sulfurization reaction solution and CO.sub.2 to obtain a carbonation reaction solution; and d) extracting the carbonation reaction solution with a solvent, upon refining, to obtain sulfurized calcium alkyl phenolate; wherein the solvent includes solvent oil, water and oxygenous derivative of hydrocarbon. Experimental results show that the content of free alkyl phenol is below 1.5 wt % in the sulfurized calcium alkyl phenolate prepared using the preparation method provided by the present application.

An overbased sulfurized alkaline earth metal alkylphenate is prepared by reacting an alkylphenol with an alkaline earth metal hydroxide or an alkaline earth metal oxide and sulfur in the presence of an alkylene glycol or dialkylene glycol, or ether thereof and in the presence of an oil of lubricating viscosity, and optionally further reacting the product thereof with carbon dioxide; thereby forming a sulfurized alkaline earth metal alkylphenate composition in oil. The composition is heated and subjected to steam stripping followed by filtration. The resulting product exhibits an improved rate and efficiency of filtration.

The present invention relates to additives for reducing friction and wear in lubricants. In particular, the present invention relates to novel salts and their use in lubricating oil compositions for reducing friction and wear. In particular, the present invention relates to one or more ionic liquids, wherein the one or more ionic liquids comprise one or more cations and one or more Group 6 metal mononuclear metallate anions.