The invention provides a grease composition for rolling bearings that can exhibit improved bearing life that can secure the low noise performance under high temperature conditions, and a rolling bearing where the above-mentioned grease composition is enclosed. The grease composition for rolling bearings includes a base oil, a urea thickener and a metal deactivator. The base oil has an aniline point of 110 C. or more. The urea thickener is at least one kind of diurea compound selected from the group consisting of diurea compounds represented by formula (1): R.sup.1NHCONHR.sup.2NHCONHR.sup.3 (wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.3, which may be the same or different from each other represent a C.sub.6-30alkyl group, a C.sub.5-8cycloalkyl group or a C.sub.6-10aryl group, and R.sup.2 represents a bivalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms.)

Disclosed herein is a method of using a water-based coolant for quenching or cutting a metal material. The water-based coolant is formed of: water; at least one inorganic acid salt selected from the group consisting of a carbonate, a hydrogen carbonate, a sesquicarbonate, a phosphate, a borate, a molybdate and a tungstate; a metal corrosion inhibitor; and optionally at least one of a bactericide, a water-soluble rust inhibitor, an antioxidant and a detergent dispersant.

A lubricating composition includes an oil of lubricating viscosity and an N-substituted hydroxyaromatic succinimide or a salt thereof.

The invention addresses a problem of providing a lubricating oil composition for gas engines capable of suppressing viscosity increase while reducing a sulfated ash content and excellent in high-temperature detergency and base number retention. The lubricating oil composition is used for gas engines and contains a base oil (A), at least one ash-free additive (B) selected from an ash-free sulfur-based antioxidant (B1) and a hindered amine compound (B2), and a boronated imide-type dispersant (C), and satisfies the following requirements (X1) to (X3): Requirement (X1): the sulfated ash content is 0.2% by mass or less. Requirement (X2): the content of the ash-free additive (B) is 1.2% by mass or less based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition, provided that in the case where the ash-free additive (B) contains the hindered amine compound (B2), the content of the hindered amine compound (B2) is less than 1.0% by mass based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition. Requirement (X3): the content of the boron atom derived from the boronated imide-type dispersant (C) is 200 ppm by mass or more based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition.

A grafted polymer, either polyolefin or polyester, containing monomers associated with sludge and varnish control as well as monomers associated with soot handling to provide a graft polymer exhibiting multiple performance attributes. Also described are methods for manufacturing these novel multiple-function graft polymers via solution and melt processes. Lubricating oil compositions containing these novel multiple-function polymers as an additive that display performance characteristics directed to good soot handling and sludge and varnish control as well as control of viscosity increase are described.

Provided is a lubricant for magnetic recording medium, where the lubricant includes an ionic liquid including an anionic component and a cationic component, wherein the anionic component includes a fluorine-containing chain having a number average molecular weight of 1,500 or less, the cationic component is a cation of cyclic amidine, and the cation of the cyclic amidine includes a fluorine-containing chain that is either a perfluoroalkyl chain or a perfluoropolyether chain.

A metalworking fluid includes a pH buffer system having one or more organic acids and one or more organic amines. The organic acids, which include aromatic carboxylic acids and C.sub.10 or higher aliphatic carboxylic acids, may replace boric acid, such that boric acid may be excluded from the metalworking fluid. The organic acids may include at least one of phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, and terephthalic acid. The one or more organic amines include aliphatic and aromatic amines having an amine value of at least 50 mg KOH/g. A method of using the metalworking fluid includes shaping a metal by contacting the metal surface with a tool while cooling and lubricating at least one of the metal surface or tool with the metalworking fluid.

A metalworking fluid includes a pH buffer system having one or more organic acids and one or more organic amines. The organic acids, which include aromatic carboxylic acids and C.sub.10 or higher aliphatic carboxylic acids, may replace boric acid, such that boric acid may be excluded from the metalworking fluid. The organic acids may include at least one of phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, and terephthalic acid. The one or more organic amines include aliphatic and aromatic amines having an amine value of at least 50 mg KOH/g. A method of using the metalworking fluid includes shaping a metal by contacting the metal surface with a tool while cooling and lubricating at least one of the metal surface or tool with the metalworking fluid.

Provided is a composition that contains a compound a) and at least one chemical entity b) dissolved in compound a). Compound a) has at least one sulfoxide functional group and/or one sulfone functional group, and at least one amide functional group. The composition is useful for a variety of applications, including manufacturing a film, a coating on a support, a hollow fiber, an artificial leather, a polymeric fiber, a membrane, a separator or an electrode for batteries, an electronic circuit or a sheath for the protection of electric cables.

The invention provides a grease composition for rolling bearings that can exhibit improved bearing life that can secure the low noise performance under high temperature conditions, and a rolling bearing where the above-mentioned grease composition is enclosed. The grease composition for rolling bearings includes a base oil, a urea thickener and a metal deactivator. The base oil has an aniline point of 110 C. or more. The urea thickener is at least one kind of diurea compound selected from the group consisting of diurea compounds represented by formula (1): R.sup.1NHCONHR.sup.2NHCONHR.sup.3 (wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.3, which may be the same or different from each other represent a C.sub.6-30alkyl group, a C.sub.5-8cycloalkyl group or a C.sub.6-10aryl group, and R.sup.2 represents a bivalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms.)