A synergistic microbicidal composition comprising: (a) at least one microbicide selected from the group consisting of a monosubstituted phenol and an isopropyl methyl phenol; and (b) at least one microbicide selected from the group consisting of substituted cyclohexyl propyl-1,3-diols, propen-2yl-methyl cyclohexanols and menthadiene alcohols.

A synergistic microbicidal composition comprising: (a) at least one microbicide selected from the group consisting of a monosubstituted phenol and an isopropyl methyl phenol; and (b) at least one microbicide selected from the group consisting of substituted cyclohexyl propyl-1,3-diols, propen-2yl-methyl cyclohexanols and menthadiene alcohols.

A synergistic microbicidal composition comprising: (a) at least one microbicide selected from the group consisting of a monosubstituted phenol and an isopropyl methyl phenol; and (b) at least one microbicide selected from the group consisting of substituted cyclohexyl propyl-1,3-diols, propen-2yl-methyl cyclohexanols and menthadiene alcohols.

Certain components of citrus fruits and oxidation products of limonene are effective deterrents, repellents and/or spatial inhibitors for mosquitoes and biting midges. The compounds that have been found to be deterrents, repellents and inhibitors for mosquitoes and biting midges are neryl acetate, citronellyl acetate, geranyl acetate, hydroxy-p-cymene, citral, α-terpineol, citronellal, linaloyl acetate, citronellol, terpen-4-ol, tetrahydrocarvone, products of oxidized oxidized limonene inclusive of d- and l-carvone, (+) limonene oxide, (−) limonene oxide, cis and trans carveol, a diol and an aldehyde, and mixtures thereof.

Certain components of citrus fruits and oxidation products of limonene are effective deterrents, repellents and/or spatial inhibitors for mosquitoes and biting midges. The compounds that have been found to be deterrents, repellents and inhibitors for mosquitoes and biting midges are neryl acetate, citronellyl acetate, geranyl acetate, hydroxy-p-cymene, citral, α-terpineol, citronellal, linaloyl acetate, citronellol, terpen-4-ol, tetrahydrocarvone, products of oxidized oxidized limonene inclusive of d- and l-carvone, (+) limonene oxide, (−) limonene oxide, cis and trans carveol, a diol and an aldehyde, and mixtures thereof.

A disinfectant formulation comprising a poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) and a quaternary ammonium compound or combination of quaternary ammonium compounds is provided. A wipe having a residual biocidal property is also provided. The wipe formulation comprises a substrate comprised of a fibrous material, and the formulation present on or in the substrate. The formulation comprises a poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline), a quaternary ammonium compound or combination of quaternary ammonium compounds, a surfactant, water, and an optional fragrance.

A disinfectant formulation comprising a poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) and a quaternary ammonium compound or combination of quaternary ammonium compounds is provided. A wipe having a residual biocidal property is also provided. The wipe formulation comprises a substrate comprised of a fibrous material, and the formulation present on or in the substrate. The formulation comprises a poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline), a quaternary ammonium compound or combination of quaternary ammonium compounds, a surfactant, water, and an optional fragrance.

A method of converting lignin to phenolic compounds and dicarboxylates in high yield is described. The method involves the use of peroxy acids to react with lignin at a moderated treatment conditions. The peroxy acids can be used along or in combination of other catalysts that have the capability to lower the molecular weight of lignin. A phenolic compounds yield is achieved (>60%) and these phenolic compounds represents high value precursors for various applications include but not limited to antioxidants, health improvement agents, anticorrosive agents, liquid fuel components and performance enhancing agents, resin and adhesives. Dicarboxylic acids can be used for polymer applications or hydrodeoxygenation to hydrocarbon fuel.

A method of converting lignin to phenolic compounds and dicarboxylates in high yield is described. The method involves the use of peroxy acids to react with lignin at a moderated treatment conditions. The peroxy acids can be used along or in combination of other catalysts that have the capability to lower the molecular weight of lignin. A phenolic compounds yield is achieved (>60%) and these phenolic compounds represents high value precursors for various applications include but not limited to antioxidants, health improvement agents, anticorrosive agents, liquid fuel components and performance enhancing agents, resin and adhesives. Dicarboxylic acids can be used for polymer applications or hydrodeoxygenation to hydrocarbon fuel.

Provided is an antimicrobial coating material comprising one or more biocides encapsulated in inorganic-organic shells. The antimicrobial coating material can be applied on porous materials or porous media to form and antimicrobial coating without changing the physical properties and the functions of porous materials or porous media. The coating provides a durable, multi-level antimicrobial performance at high temperature through contact-killing, release-killing, anti-adhesion and self-cleaning. Also provided is a method of producing the antimicrobial coating material.