This invention relates to malienated derivatives made from maleic anhydride, functionalized monomers, and one or more additional reagents, e.g., an oxygen-containing reagent (e.g., alcohol, polyol), a nitrogen-containing reagent (e.g., amine, polyamine, aminoalcohol), a metal and/or a metal compound. The invention relates to lubricants, functional fluids, fuels, dispersants, detergents and functional compositions (e.g., cleaning solutions, food compositions, etc.)

A lubricant composition includes an oil including a plurality of long-chain hydrocarbon molecules. A quantity of a catalytically active metal-organic additive is mixed with the oil. The metal-organic additive is formulated to fragment the long-chain hydrocarbon molecules of the oil into at least one of dimers and trimers under the influence of at least one of a mechanical loading and a thermal loading. In some embodiments, the metal-organic additive includes a compound of formula II: ##STR00001##
where: X is Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, Rf, Db, Sg, Bh, Hs, Mt, Ds, Rg or Cn, and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are alkyl or alkyl halide.

A phosphate complex of a borate ester provides wear- and friction-reducing performance to an engine or driveline device. The complex may be a pyroborate-hydrocarbyl-substituted phosphate adduct. Boric acid may be reacted with a diol to form an ester, then reacting said ester with an ammonium salt of phosphoric acid or a hydrocarbyl-substituted phosphoric acid.

A process for applying a low coefficient of friction coating to interacting parts of a machine. The low coefficient coating is comprised of nanoparticles of a metal melting below about 400 C., preferably bismuth. A dispersion of the nanoparticles in a lubricant oil is introduced into the oil reservoir of the machine and the machine is operated at designed conditions.

A process for applying a low coefficient of friction coating to interacting parts of a mechanical device. The low coefficient coating is comprised of nanoparticles of a metal melting below about 400 C., preferably bismuth. Interacting parts of a mechanical device, prior to assembly of the mechanical device, are submerged in a dispersion of the nanoparticles, then heated to an effective temperature, then cooled, thereby resulting in a coating of the nanoparticles onto the interacting parts.

This disclosure relates to sulfurized derivatives made from functionalized monomers. The disclosure relates to lubricants, functional fluids, fuels, dispersants, detergents and functional compositions (e.g., cleaning solutions, food compositions, etc.)

A nanostructure that includes a multi-layered fullerene-like nano-structure composed of a plurality of layers each having a metal chalcogenide composition that has a molecular formula of MX.sub.2, in which M is a metallic element selected from the group consisting of titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), technetium (Tc), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), cadmium (Cd), hafnium (Hf), tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), rhenium (Re), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), gold (Au), mercury (Hg) and combinations thereof, and X is a chalcogen element selected from the group consisting of sulfur (S), selenium (Se), tellurium (Te), oxygen (O) and combinations thereof. An outer layer of the multi-layered fullerene-like structure includes at least one sectioned portion that extends along a direction away from the curvature of the multi-layered fullerene-like nano-structure.

A tubular threaded joint is constituted by a pin and a box each having a contact surface comprising an unthreaded metal contact portion including a seal portion and a shoulder portion and a threaded portion. Of the contact surface of at least one of the pin and the box, the surfaces of the seal portion and the shoulder portion has a first lubricating coating in the form of a solid lubricating coating, and the surface of the threaded portion or the entire surface of the contact surface has a second lubricating coating selected from a viscous liquid lubricating coating and a solid lubricating coating. The first lubricating coating has a coefficient of friction which is higher than that of the second lubricating coating, and the second lubricating coating is positioned on top in a portion where both the first lubricating coating and the second lubricating coating are present.

A tubular threaded joint is constituted by a pin and a box each having a contact surface comprising an unthreaded metal contact portion including a seal portion and a shoulder portion and a threaded portion. Of the contact surface of at least one of the pin and the box, the surfaces of the seal portion and the shoulder portion has a first lubricating coating in the form of a solid lubricating coating, and the surface of the threaded portion or the entire surface of the contact surface has a second lubricating coating selected from a viscous liquid lubricating coating and a solid lubricating coating. The first lubricating coating has a coefficient of friction which is higher than that of the second lubricating coating, and the second lubricating coating is positioned on top in a portion where both the first lubricating coating and the second lubricating coating are present.

Provided herein are grease compositions comprising at least one estolide compound of formula:

##STR00001##

in which n is an integer equal to or greater than 0; m is an integer equal to or greater than 2; R.sub.1, independently for each occurrence, is selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; R.sub.2 is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Also provided are methods of making estolide-based grease products.