Provided are formulations, methods of making, and methods of using a functional fluid of the present invention to achieve and maintain optimal frictional characteristics in machines housing that fluid, wherein the functional fluid comprises, among others, a friction-modifying amount of an alkyl toluene sulfonate salt or a mixture of alkyl toluene sulfonate salts.

A lubricating oil composition for transmissions having improved fuel saving properties, excellent metal fatigue prevention properties, and heat resistance containing: a lubricating base oil containing (A) a mineral base oil having a 100 C. kinematic viscosity of 1.5 mm.sup.2/s or higher and 3.5 mm.sup.2/s or lower, a pour point of 25 C. or lower, a viscosity index of 105 or greater, a % C.sub.P of 85 or greater, a % C.sub.N of 2 or greater and 20 or less and a % C.sub.A of 3 or less and (B) a monoester-based base oil having a 100 C. kinematic viscosity of 2 to 10 mm.sup.2/s; (C) a phosphorus acid ester; and (D) a boronated ashless dispersant, the ratio of the mass percent of boron to the mass percent of phosphorus in the composition (B/P) being from 0.07 to 0.42, and the composition having a 100 C. kinematic viscosity of 2.5 to 4.0 mm.sup.2/s is described.

A lubricating oil composition for transmissions having improved fuel saving properties, excellent metal fatigue prevention properties, and heat resistance containing: a lubricating base oil containing (A) a mineral base oil having a 100 C. kinematic viscosity of 1.5 mm.sup.2/s or higher and 3.5 mm.sup.2/s or lower, a pour point of 25 C. or lower, a viscosity index of 105 or greater, a % C.sub.P of 85 or greater, a % C.sub.N of 2 or greater and 20 or less and a % C.sub.A of 3 or less and (B) a monoester-based base oil having a 100 C. kinematic viscosity of 2 to 10 mm.sup.2/s; (C) a phosphorus acid ester; and (D) a boronated ashless dispersant, the ratio of the mass percent of boron to the mass percent of phosphorus in the composition (B/P) being from 0.07 to 0.42, and the composition having a 100 C. kinematic viscosity of 2.5 to 4.0 mm.sup.2/s is described.

The disclosed technology relates to a lubricating composition comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity and an ashless basic amine additive selected from a secondary amine containing -carbon aromatic substitution. The basic secondary amine additives used in the lubricating oils of the disclosed technology impart basicity measured as total base number (TBN) without adding sulfated ash. Lubricating oils containing the basic secondary amine additives of the disclosed technology simultaneously achieve seals compatibility, deposit, and corrosion control.

A lubricious coating for a medical device is formed including first and second coated layers. The first coated layer is between the second coated layer and the device surface and includes a vinyl pyrrolidone polymer and a photo reactive group. The second coated layer is in direct contact with the first coated layer and is a top coating that includes an acrylic acid polymer. The second coated layer can optionally include photoreactive groups. The coating was found to have a very low number of particulates (e.g., 10 m or greater) which is very desirable for in vivo use.

Embodiments of the disclosure include lubricious coatings. In an embodiment the disclosure includes a lubricious coating for a medical device including first and second coated layers. The first coated layer is between the second coated layer and the device surface and includes a vinyl pyrrolidone polymer and a photo reactive group. The second coated layer is in direct contact with the first coated layer and is a top coating that includes an acrylic acid polymer. The second coated layer can optionally include photoreactive groups. The coating was found to have a very low number of particulates (e.g., 10 m or greater) which is very desirable for in vivo use.