A metalworking fluid includes a pH buffer system having one or more organic acids and one or more organic amines. The organic acids, which include aromatic carboxylic acids and C.sub.10 or higher aliphatic carboxylic acids, may replace boric acid, such that boric acid may be excluded from the metalworking fluid. The organic acids may include at least one of phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, and terephthalic acid. The one or more organic amines include aliphatic and aromatic amines having an amine value of at least 50 mg KOH/g. A method of using the metalworking fluid includes shaping a metal by contacting the metal surface with a tool while cooling and lubricating at least one of the metal surface or tool with the metalworking fluid.

The invention relates to polymeric-inorganic nanoparticle compositions and preparation processes thereof. The invention also relates to an additive and lubricant composition comprising these polymeric-inorganic nanoparticle compositions, as well as to the use of these polymeric-inorganic nanoparticle compositions in an oil lubricant formulation to improve tribological performance, in particular to improve anti-friction performance on metal parts.

A lubricant composition of an oil of lubricating viscosity, a grafted copolymer viscosity modifier that is an ashless condensation reaction product of an olefin polymer, having a number average molecular weight of about 1000 to about 10,000, comprising carboxylic acid or equivalent functionality grafted onto the polymer backbone, with a monoamine or a polyamine often having a single primary amino group, which exhibits good dispersancy and viscometric performance in a driveline device.

Disclosed are functional fluids such as automotive engine transmission fluids, clutch fluids, gearbox fluids, electric motor fluids, and/or battery packing cooling fluids comprising a low-viscosity, low-volatility Polyalpha-olefin base stock, and processes for lubricating and/or cooling an engine transmission, an electric motor, and/or a battery packing using such functional fluids.

A product resulting from the reaction of at least: an alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxybenzoate compound, optionally substituted by a hydrocarbyl group and optionally overbased, a boron compound, an amine component selected from a di-fatty-alkyl(ene) polyalkylamine composition including one or more polyalkylamines of formulae (I) or (II). A lubricant composition including this product. Use of this product as a lubricant for two-stroke marine engines and four-stroke marine engines, more preferably two-stroke marine engines.

The instant disclosure relates to hydrocarbyl- (e.g., alkyl-) benzene sulfonate detergents and their salts, where the hydrocarbyl group includes moieties equivalent to 5 to 10 carbon branched polyene compounds. Such compounds and their salts are useful as lubricant additives. The detergents disclosed herein may solve at least one problem of providing anti-wear performance, frictional performance, oxidation performance, viscosity performance, and detergency.

The invention provides a compressor oil, wherein 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol and tris (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite are added to a base oil having a naphthene content of from 17 to 30% based on the total amount of the base oil, and has a pour point of −25° C. or lower. 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is effective when it is contained in an amount of from 0.5 mass % to 6.0 mass % based on the total amount of the compressor oil, and tris (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite is effective when it is contained in an amount of from 0.3 mass % to 2.0 mass % based on the total amount of the compressor oil. Furthermore, adding an alkaline earth metal salt of alkylsalicylic acid in combination is even more effective. The amount thereof used is preferably from 0.05 mass % to 2.0 mass %.

A lubricating oil composition including: a lubricant base oil; (A) a triazole metal deactivator in an amount of 0.005 to 0.03 mass % in terms of nitrogen on the basis of the total mass of the composition; and (B1) a succinimide compound represented by the following general formula (1) in an amount of 0.0005 to 0.02 mass % in terms of nitrogen on the basis of the total mass of the composition:

##STR00001##

wherein in the general formula (1), R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a C1-36 linear or branched chain alkyl or alkenyl group, and at least one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is a C8-36 linear or branched chain alkyl or alkenyl group, and n represents an integer of 1 to 10.

A lubricant additive concentrate containing (i) dispersant that is the polybutenyl succinimide reaction product of a polyamine and polybutenyl succinic anhydride (PIBSA) derived from polybutene having a number average molecular weight (M.sub.n) of from about 1300 to about 2500 daltons and a terminal vinylidene content of at least about 50% and maleic anhydride via an ene maleation process; (ii) overbased magnesium colloidal detergent having a total base number (TBN) of from about 300 to about 900 mg KOH/g; and (iii) organic friction modifier selected from hydroxyalkyl alkyl amines of C.sub.14 to C.sub.24 hydrocarbons, at least one hydroxyalkyl alkyl ether amines of C.sub.13 to C.sub.24 hydrocarbons, at least one alkyl ester amine derived from triethanol amine having a C.sub.13 to C.sub.24 hydrocarbyl substituent, at least one non-basic, fatty acid amide, or a mixture thereof; wherein the combined mass % of dispersant (i) and overbased magnesium colloidal detergent (ii) in said concentrate is from about 15 to about 50 mass %: the mass ratio of (i):(ii) is from about 1:1 to about 6:1; and the concentrate contains from about 2 to about 10 mass % of organic friction modifier (iii); the remainder of the concentrate being composed of base oil and additives other than dispersant (i), overbased magnesium colloidal detergent (ii) and organic friction modifier (iii).

A lubricating oil composition for an internal combustion engine, the composition including: a lubricating base oil comprising at least one mineral base oil or at least one synthetic base oil or any combination thereof, the lubricating base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 4.0 to 4.5 mm.sup.2/s and a NOACK evaporation loss at 250° C. of no more than 15 mass %; (A) a calcium-containing metallic detergent in an amount of no less than 1000 mass ppm and less than 2000 mass ppm in terms of calcium on the basis of the total mass of the composition; (B) a magnesium-containing metallic detergent in an amount of 100 to 1000 mass ppm in terms of magnesium on the basis of the total mass of the composition; and optionally (C) a viscosity index improver in an amount of less than 1 mass % on the basis of the total mass of the composition.