The invention relates to acrylate-olefin copolymers and to a method for preparing these polymers. The present invention is also directed to lubricant compositions comprising these copolymers, and to the use of these copolymers as a lubricant additive or a synthetic base fluid in a lubricating oil composition, preferably in a gear oil composition, a transmission oil composition, a hydraulic oil composition, an engine oil composition, a marine oil composition, an industrial lubricating oil composition or in grease.

The present invention relates to a method of processing a workpiece comprising contacting a tool and a workpiece to effect a change in the shape of the workpiece, and applying a metalworking fluid to a surface area where the tool and the workpiece are in contact, where the metalworking fluid contains a propoxylate of the formula R—O—(C.sub.3H.sub.6O).sub.n—H, where R is a branched C.sub.6 to C.sub.20 alkyl and n is from 3 to 30. The invention further relates to the metalworking fluid, and to a use of the propoxylate as additive in metalworking fluids.

A complex including an active ingredient, and a surfactant. The active ingredient is one or more less-oil-soluble substances selected from the group consisting of a hardly-oil-soluble substance and an oil-insoluble substance, and the one or more less-oil-soluble substances function as an additive for lubricating oil. A method of making the complex.

The present invention aims to provide a viscosity index improver composition capable of providing a lubricant composition that has an excellent viscosity index improving effect, excellent antifoaming properties, and excellent persistence of the antifoaming properties. The present invention relates to a viscosity index improver composition, containing: a (co)polymer (A) containing a monomer (a) represented by the following formula (1) as an essential monomer; a C18-C40 chain aliphatic alcohol (B); and a base oil,

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wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; -X.sup.1- is a group represented by —O— or —NH—; R.sup.2 is a C2-C4 alkylene group; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each independently a C8-C24 linear or branched alkyl group; and p is an integer of 0 to 20, with each R.sup.2 being optionally the same as or different from each other when p is 2 or greater.

This invention relates to a functional fluid, comprising: (A) from 50 to 85 wt.-% of alkoxy glycol according to formula (I): CH.sub.3—O—(CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—O).sub.n—H, wherein n is a number from 2 to 5, with the proviso that in at least 30 wt.-% of all compounds according to formula (I), n is 3, and (B) from 1 to 20 wt.-% of alkoxy glycol according to formula (II): R.sub.1—O—(CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—O).sub.m—H, wherein R.sub.1 is a C2 to C8 alkyl residue, m is a number from 2 to 6, with the proviso that in at least 65 wt.-% of all compounds according to formula (II), m is 3, and (C) from 6 to 35 wt.-% of at least one compound according to formula (III): H—O—(CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—O).sub.k—H, wherein k is a number of 2 or higher, with the proviso that in at least 80 wt.-% of all compounds according to formula (III), k is 2 or 3, (D) at least one additive.

The disclosure relates to a biobased metal-working fluid (MWF) composition and method for making same, and more particularly metal-working fluid with biobased lubricants with improved emulsion stability. At least 50 wt. % of the base oil component in the MWF concentrate is a plant-derived liquid decarboxylated rosin acid oil (“DCR”). The DCR comprises 50 to 100 wt. % of tricyclic compounds having 18-20 carbon atoms, one or more C═C groups, and m/z (mass/charge) value of 220-280; an oxygen content of <5%; a density of 0.9 to 1.0 g/cm.sup.3 at 20° C.; and an acid value of <10 mg KOH/g. The resulting MWF is characterized as having comparable if not better performance compared to a MWF containing only mineral oil (e.g., Group I or Group II).

A silicone modified lubricant includes a Group I, II, III, IV or V base oil in combination with a minor amount of a silicone oil. Further, the lubricant includes a dispersant such as a dispersant olefin copolymer which maintains the silicone oil dispersed in the base oil. The silicone oil reduces the surface tension of the lubricant thereby reducing power loss. Preferably the lubricant formation has a surface tension less than 28 mN/m, making it particularly suitable for dip lubrication systems.

An additive for a lubricating composition includes an ionic tetrahedral borate compound which includes a cation and a tetrahedral borate anion having a boron atom, the boron atom has at least one aliphatic bidentate di-oxo ligand. The cation may be selected to provide detergent and/or dispersant and/or antioxidant properties to a lubricating composition.

A gear lubricant composition includes at least 97% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, of at least one hydrocarbon-based oil that includes a weight content of isoparaffins ranging from 90 to 0%, a weight content of normal paraffins ranging from 0 to 10% and a carbon content of biological origin greater than or equal to 90% relative to the total weight of the oil, at least 0.01% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, of at least one additive selected among the anti-wear additives, extreme pressure additives, anti-corrosion additives, additives having metal-deactivating properties, anti-foam additives, anti-oxidant additives selected among the phenolic anti-oxidants, and the mixtures thereof.

Disclosed are solvency enhancer compositions, for example, as additives to lubricating oils and as formulated in lubricating oil compositions and associated methods of preparation and use thereof. The compositions and methods can dissolve at least one of oxidation products and other organic polar compounds, due to lubricant degradation, formed and suspended in oil compositions including adding an effective amount of a solvency enhancer to the oils, wherein the solvency enhancer includes Guerbet alcohols. Further described are methods for dissolving organic deposits in an oil system including adding an effective amount of a solvency enhancer to the oil system, wherein the solvency enhancer includes Guerbet alcohols. Also provided are methods for preventing sludge and varnish formation in in-service oils including adding an effective amount of a solvency enhancer to the oils, wherein the solvency enhancer includes Guerbet alcohols.