A lubricant additive capable of imparting various functions to a lubricant base oil contains an ester compound (A) represented by formula (1) and an ester compound (B) represented by formula (2). (A):(B) being a mass ratio of the ester compound (A) to the ester compound (B) is 99:1 to 80:20.

An additive concentrate package for a marine engine cylinder lubricant is made by mixing an oil of lubricating viscosity, a metal detergent and an oil-soluble alkoxylated alcohol.

The present invention provides a water-soluble metalworking oil composition, including: 5.0 to 20.0 mass % of a sulfur compound (A) that is one or more kinds selected from the group consisting of a sulfurized fat and oil and a sulfurized ester and has a kinematic viscosity of 10 to 800 mm.sup.2/s at 40° C.; 0.5 to 20.0 mass % of the nonionic surfactant (B) having an HLB of 6 to 18; 7.0 to 30.0 mass % of an unsaturated fatty acid polymer (C); and an amine compound (D) selected from the group consisting of a tertiary amine and a secondary amine.

Lubricant compositions comprising (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity and (b) a phosphonate ester other than a zinc salt. The phosphonate ester may be the reaction product of (i) phosphonic acid or a monomeric ester thereof with (ii) a propanediol having hydroxy groups in both the 1 and 3 positions and one or more of the carbon atoms of the propyl units are substituted with one or more alkyl groups such that the total number of carbon atoms in the propanediol ranges from 4 to 12. The molar ratio of (i) to (ii) may be 0.9:1.1 to 1.1 to 0.9.

Lubricating compositions are described, the lubricating compositions comprising a base oil component and an additive component, wherein the additive component comprises a non-silicone anti-foaming agent.

Disclosed is a method for maintaining emulsion stability in a hybrid engine. The method involves lubricating and operating the hybrid engine with a lubricating oil composition having a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity; minor amount of a magnesium containing detergent, and a minor amount of a borated dispersant.

The present invention provides a water-soluble metalworking oil composition, including: 5.0 to 20.0 mass % of a sulfur compound (A) that is one or more kinds selected from the group consisting of a sulfurized fat and oil and a sulfurized ester and has a kinematic viscosity of 10 to 800 mm.sup.2/s at 40° C.; 0.5 to 20.0 mass % of the nonionic surfactant (B) having an HLB of 6 to 18; 7.0 to 30.0 mass % of an unsaturated fatty acid polymer (C); and an amine compound (D) selected from the group consisting of a tertiary amine and a secondary amine.

A metalworking fluid includes a pH buffer system having one or more organic acids and one or more organic amines. The organic acids, which include aromatic carboxylic acids and C.sub.10 or higher aliphatic carboxylic acids, may replace boric acid, such that boric acid may be excluded from the metalworking fluid. The organic acids may include at least one of phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, and terephthalic acid. The one or more organic amines include aliphatic and aromatic amines having an amine value of at least 50 mg KOH/g. A method of using the metalworking fluid includes shaping a metal by contacting the metal surface with a tool while cooling and lubricating at least one of the metal surface or tool with the metalworking fluid.

The present disclosure generally relates to a multifunctional additive obtained from the reaction of: (a) an intermediate obtained from the reaction of maleic anhydride and a polyoxyalkylene monoamine; and (b) an amine compound comprising a primary amine group and/or a secondary amine group and its use in a variety of applications, including, but not limited to: as a corrosion inhibitor or friction modifier in aqueous and non-aqueous systems; in fuel deposit control agents; as a dispersant in pigment, asphalt and cement compositions; and as a detergent.

Lubricating compositions are described, the lubricating compositions comprising a base oil component and an additive component, wherein the additive component comprises a non-silicone anti-foaming agent.