Methods and apparatus for converting kinetic energy of an energetic particle into electrical energy and for accelerating charged particles. A stack of substantially parallel conductors separated by gaps is disposed such that the conductors are substantially parallel to the surface of a cathode, with the conductors mutually electrically uncoupled. An anode is disposed at an end of the stack of conductors distal to the cathode, and a power management system applies a bias voltage between the cathode and the anode and collects charge deposited at the anode in the form of current in an external electrical circuit.

The invention addresses a problem of providing a lubricating oil composition for refrigerators excellent in thermal stability for a refrigerant that contains difluoromethane (R32), trifluoroiodomethane (CF.sub.3I) and at least one compound (α) selected from saturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compounds (HFC) except difluoromethane (R32). The lubricating oil composition for refrigerators is used for a refrigerant containing difluoromethane (R32), trifluoroiodomethane (CF.sub.3I) and at least one compound (α) selected from saturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compounds (HFC) except difluoromethane (R32), and contains at least one kind of base oil selected from polyoxyalkylene glycols, polyvinyl ethers, copolymers of a poly(oxy)alkylene glycol or a monoether thereof and a polyvinyl ether and polyol esters, in which the hydroxyl value of the base oil is 15 mgKOH/g or less.

A silicone composition having an electromagnetic wave absorbing property and thermal conductivity includes liquid silicone; a high-specific-gravity soft magnetic filler having a specific gravity of 4.5 or greater; an intermediate-specific-gravity thermally conductive filler having a specific gravity of 4.0 or less; and a non-liquid anti-thickening and anti-settling agent. Furthermore, a curable grease is a two-component curable grease including a combination of a base compound and a curing agent that are used by being mixed together when used, the curable grease being to be cured by mixing of the base compound with the curing agent. The base compound is a silicone composition of the present invention, in which the liquid silicone is an organopolysiloxane having a vinyl group at an end thereof. The curing agent is a silicone composition of the present invention, in which the liquid silicone is an organohydrogenpolysiloxane.

A lubricating oil composition may have a high flash point, a low pour point, and excellent electrical insulation, while having excellent cooling performance. Such a lubricating oil composition may include a base oil (A), wherein the base oil (A) includes at least one synthetic oil (A1) selected from a polyalkylene glycol having a specific degree of polymerization and a polyvinyl ether having a specific degree of polymerization.

A transformer oil basestock is disclosed that includes at least 99 wt % of naphthenes and paraffins, based on the total weight of the transformer oil basestock, wherein the weight ratio of naphthenes to paraffins is at least 1, as measured by GC-MS, and wherein the paraffins consist essentially of isoparaffins, as determined by GC-FID. In addition, a transformer oil composition is disclosed that includes the transformer oil basestock, an anti-gassing agent and an antioxidant.

The present disclosure relates to a lubricant composition comprising a lubricant, a first ionic liquid which is soluble in polyalphaolefin and a second ionic liquid which is insoluble in polyalphaolefin. By using the two different ionic liquids, the technical properties of the lubricant compositions can be improved.

One aspect of the disclosure relates to a sliding member. The sliding member includes: a first sliding portion having a first lubricant placed between first parts of a first friction sliding mechanism; a second sliding portion having a second lubricant placed between second parts of a second friction sliding mechanism; and a third sliding portion having a third lubricant placed between third parts of a third friction sliding mechanism. The first sliding portion is in contact with the third lubricant, and the second sliding portion is not in contact with the third lubricant. The second lubricant contains an additive containing conductive carbon, and the third lubricant contains no conductive carbon. The second lubricant contains a relatively larger amount of the conductive carbon than the first lubricant.

The present disclosure relates to an automotive slide member including a first slide portion having a first lubricant applied between first portions of a first friction slide mechanism, and a second slide portion having a second lubricant applied between second portions of a second friction slide mechanism. The first slide portion is arranged at a part to be touched by an operator who attaches the automotive slide member to an automobile or a user of the automobile. The second slide portion is arranged at a part that is not touched by the operator who attaches the automotive slide member to the automobile or the user of the automobile. The second lubricant contains a relatively larger amount of conductive carbon than that of the first lubricant.

A lubricant that enables to improve control stability of an automobile or the like having a vehicle body charged by driving. A lubricant for improving control stability of an automobile includes a base oil and an additive containing a carbon black. A kit for improving control stability of an automobile includes a discharging member including a protrusion that performs a self-discharging by air-ionizing and the lubricant. A method also improves control stability of an automobile.

The present disclosure relates to an automotive slide member including a first slide portion having a first lubricant applied between first portions of a first friction slide mechanism, and a second slide portion having a second lubricant applied between second portions of a second friction slide mechanism. The first slide portion is arranged at a part to be touched by an operator who attaches the automotive slide member to an automobile or a user of the automobile. The second slide portion is arranged at a part that is not touched by the operator who attaches the automotive slide member to the automobile or the user of the automobile. The second lubricant contains a relatively larger amount of conductive carbon than that of the first lubricant.