A lubricating oil composition, including a base oil (P) and a copolymer (X). The copolymer (X) contains the following structural units (a) to (c): structural unit (a): a structural unit derived from a monomer (A) having a (meth)acryloyl group and a linear or branched alkyl group having 6 to 24 carbon atoms, structural unit (b): a structural unit derived from a monomer (B) having a (meth)acryloyl group and a polar group, and structural unit (c): a structural unit derived from a monomer (C) having a polymerizable functional group and a cyclic structural group. The copolymer (X) has a mass-average molecular weight (Mw) of 5,000 to 50,000, a content of the copolymer (X) in terms of resin content is 0.10% by mass to 2.5% by mass based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition, and the lubricating oil composition has a 100? C. kinematic viscosity of 8.2 mm.sup.2/s or less.

Disclosed are refrigerants comprising at least about 97% by weight of a blend of three compounds, said blend consisting of: from about 40% by weight to about 49% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32), from about 6% by weight to about 12% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), from about 33% by weight to about 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF.sub.3I); and from about 2% by weight to about 12% by weight of trans 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (trans HFO-1234ze), wherein the percentages are based on the total weight of the three compounds in the blend, and systems and method using same.

This invention relates to malienated derivatives made from maleic anhydride, functionalized monomers, and one or more additional reagents, e.g., an oxygen-containing reagent (e.g., alcohol, polyol), a nitrogen-containing reagent (e.g., amine, polyamine, aminoalcohol), a metal and/or a metal compound. The invention relates to lubricants, functional fluids, fuels, dispersants, detergents and functional compositions (e.g., cleaning solutions, food compositions, etc.).

A working fluid composition for a refrigerating machine of the invention comprises a refrigerant comprising difluoromethane and an unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon wherein a mass of the difluoromethane/the unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon is 95/5 to 10/90, and a refrigerating machine oil comprising at least one base oil selected from among polyol esters with a carbon/oxygen molar ratio of 3.2 to 5.8 and polyvinyl ethers with a carbon/oxygen molar ratio of 3.2 to 5.8.

The present invention provides a refrigerating-machine oil composition which comprises the following ester additive (a) and the following ester base oil (b), the content of the ester additive (a) being 5-45 mass % with respect to the total amount of the refrigerating-machine oil composition. Ester additive (a): At least one ester of isotridecanoic acid with pentaerythritol Ester base oil (b): Polyhydric-alcohol esters comprising esters of two or more aliphatic monocarboxylic acids selected from among C4-9 aliphatic monocarboxylic acids with pentaerythritol.

A composition including one or more monomethyl ester compounds represented by the formula: ##STR00001##
R.sub.1 is a monomethyl branched C.sub.15 to C.sub.19 alkyl group and R.sub.2 is an unsubstituted C.sub.2 to C.sub.30 linear alkyl group. The composition has a viscosity (Kv.sub.100) from 1 cSt to 10 cSt at 100 C. as determined by ASTM D445, a viscosity index (VI) from 100 to 300 as determined by ASTM D2270, a pour point from 0 C. to 50 C. as determined by ASTM D97, and a Noack volatility of no greater than 50 percent as determined by ASTM D5800. A process for producing the composition, a lubricating oil base stock and lubricating oil containing the composition, and a method for improving one or more of cold flow properties, thermal and oxidative stability, solubility and dispersancy of polar additives, deposit control and traction control in a lubricating oil by using as the lubricating oil a formulated oil containing the composition.

A blend for lubricating a surface includes a lubricant and a polyepoxide co(ter)polymer additive mixed with the lubricant. The polyepoxide co(ter)polymer additive includes a first block having monomer M.sub.1 and a second block having monomer M.sub.2. The first monomer M.sub.1 includes hexene oxide, HO, or octene oxide, OO, and the second monomer M.sub.2 includes propylene oxide, PO.

The working fluid composition for a refrigerating machine of the present invention comprises a refrigerant comprising a first refrigerant component and a second refrigerant component, and having a global warming potential (GWP) of 500 or less, wherein the first refrigerant component is at least one selected from difluoromethane and tetrafluoropropene, and the second refrigerant component is at least one selected from carbon dioxide and a hydrocarbon having 3 to 4 carbon atoms; and a refrigerating machine oil comprising at least one selected from a polyol ester, a polyvinyl ether arid a polyalkylene glycol compound as a base oil, wherein a carbon/oxygen molar ratio of the base oil is 2.5 or more and 5.8 or less.

A lubricant including an ionic liquid including a conjugate base and a conjugate acid, wherein the conjugate acid includes a group including a hydroxyl group and a group including a straight-chain hydrocarbon group having 6 or greater carbon atoms, and a pKa of an acid that is a source of the conjugate base in acetonitrile is 10 or less.

The present invention relates to functional fluid compositions containing friction modifiers, and specifically stable compositions containing friction modifiers with limited solubility in and/or limited compatibility with the functional fluids with which they are used. In particular the present invention deals with functional fluids used in internal combustion engines, such as engine oils, and friction modifiers derived from hydroxy-carboxylic acids, where the friction modifier is present in the functional fluid composition at levels that would otherwise cause the composition to be unstable and/or hazy.