The present disclosure provides a dialkyl carbonate prepared from a methyl branched primary C.sub.16-C.sub.17 alcohol. The dialkyl carbonate is prepared by transesterifying a reactant dialkyl carbonate with the methyl branched primary C.sub.16-C.sub.17 alcohol under transesterification reaction conditions. The subsequently produced dialkyl carbonate may be used in various applications, including, but not limited to, in lubricating, cosmetic and textile products and applications.

Provided is a lubricating oil composition for a shock absorber excellent in thermal stability and capable of reducing the friction factor for rubber. The lubricating oil composition for a shock absorber contains (A) a base oil composed of a mineral oil and/or a synthetic oil, (B) a zinc dithiophosphate represented by the following general formula (I), (C) a fatty acid amide and (D) a polyalcohol ester. ##STR00001## In the formula, R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 each independently represent at least one selected from a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group having from 6 to 20 carbon atoms and a linear, branched or cyclic alkenyl group having from 6 to 20 carbon atoms.

The presently claimed invention relates to a lubricant composition comprising at least one beta-glucan, optionally in form of one of its derivatives, at least one base oil, at least one additive component, and optionally water; the use of said lubricant compositions for reducing wear in metal-on-metal contact and the use of at least one beta-glucan for reducing the friction coefficient of a lubricant composition.

Corrosion inhibiting hydraulic fluid additives, kits, and methods are disclosed. The hydraulic fluid additive may be adapted for use with brake fluid in vehicular brake systems. The kits may include an additive, a hydraulic fluid tester, and/or correlated information on test results and hydraulic fluid service actions.

Provided is a lubricating oil composition for a shock absorber, which realizes excellent riding comfort in low-temperature and high-temperature environments and can suppress worsening of riding comfort with time, which is caused by evaporation and shearing of the lubricating oil. The lubricating oil composition for a shock absorber contains (A) a base oil having a pour point of lower than 40 C. and a kinematic viscosity at 80 C. of from 2.0 to 2.7 mm.sup.2/s, (B-1) from 1 to 15% by mass of a polymethacrylate having a weight-average molecular weight of from 10,000 to less than 100,000, and (B-2) from 0.1 to 5% by mass of a polymethacrylate having a weight-average molecular weight of from 100,000 to 200,000.

This application relates to branched diester compositions that can be used as a base stock for lubricant applications, or as a base stock blend component for use in a finished lubricant or for particular applications, and methods for making the same.

Lubricant composition comprising a dicarboxylic acid ester component which is formed from a dicarboxylic acid selected from the list consisting of adipic acid, phthalic acid, pimilic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid and sebacic acid, and mixtures thereof and a branched aliphatic alcohol ROH which is defined according to the following formula (I)

##STR00001##

whereas q, r and s are defined as follows, q+r=4 to 9, s=0 to 5, q=1 to 8, and r=1 to 6,
and an ethylene-propylene copolymer.

A functional fluid composition containing a fluid base stock (e.g., a phosphate ester fluid base stock) as a major component, and an erosion inhibitor mixture as a minor component. The erosion inhibitor mixture contains at least a first erosion inhibitor (e.g., a perhalometallate or perhalometalloidate salt) and a second erosion inhibitor (e.g., an alkali metal salt of perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid). Erosion inhibition of the functional fluid composition is improved as compared to erosion inhibition achieved using singly the first erosion inhibitor or the second erosion inhibitor, as measured by one or more of ASTM D2624, ASTM D974, ASTM D130 and ASTM D6304. A method for operating and lubricating a hydraulic system by utilizing as a hydraulic fluid, the functional fluid composition. A method for identifying erosion inhibition effectiveness of the functional fluid. The functional fluids are useful as aircraft hydraulic fluids.

Biodegradable pharmaceutical compositions comprising 1,3-propanediol and its esters are provided. The 1,3-propanediol and its esters in the pharmaceutical composition are biologically derived, and as such, the pharmaceutical compositions exhibit a low anthropogenic CO.sub.2 emission profile.

A composition and method of making hydraulic fluids and lubricants using biodiesel as a blending component or base oil. Preferably around 0.1 to 45% of biodiesel is used as a blending component in a hydraulic fluid or as a base oil or additive in a lubricant. The use of biodiesel has environmental and cost advantages over other blending components or base oils. Lubricants and hydraulic fluids having ISO viscosity grades as low as 22 and 32 may be achieved by the use of biodiesel, while still meeting applicable standards for environmental acceptability.