The present invention relates to a composition for cooling a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle including at least one battery, comprising: (i) at least one base oil or at least one hydrocarbon-based fluid with a boiling point of greater than or equal to 50° C.; (ii) at least one fire retardant corresponding to formula (I)

R.sub.F-L-R.sub.H  (I)

in which R.sub.F is a perfluorinated or partially fluorinated group, R.sub.H is a hydrocarbon-based group, and L is a linker; and (iii) at least one fluoro compound with a boiling point of between 50 and 250° C.

The invention also relates to the use of at least one fluoro compound with a boiling point of between 50° C. and 250° C. for promoting the contact between a fire retardant corresponding to formula (I) and an element of a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, when thermal runaway is observed, said fire retardant of formula (I) being formulated in a base oil, or a hydrocarbon-based fluid with a boiling point of greater than or equal to 50° C.

Finally, the invention relates to a process for cooling and fire-protecting at least one battery of a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, comprising at least one step of placing at least one battery in contact with a composition according to the invention.

The present invention relates to a composition for cooling a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, comprising: (i) at least one base oil, or at least one hydrocarbon-based fluid with a boiling point of greater than or equal to 50° C.; and (ii) at least one fire retardant corresponding to formula (I)

R.sub.F-L-R.sub.H  (I) in which R.sub.F is a perfluorinated or partially fluorinated group, R.sub.H is a hydrocarbon-based group, and L is a linker, said fire retardant of formula (I) being at least partially in an encapsulated form.

The invention also relates to the use of at least one fire retardant of formula (I) which is at least partially in an encapsulated form in a composition for cooling a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, including at least one battery, to give it ignition-resistance properties.

Finally, the invention relates to a process for cooling and fire-protecting a battery of a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, comprising at least one step of placing at least one battery, in particular a lithium-ion or nickel-cadmium battery, in contact with a composition according to the invention.

The disclosed technology relates to the inhibition of corrosion on electrically conductive componentry subjected to a lubricant composition, but that is not submersed in the lubricant composition, or in other words, vapor phase corrosion inhibition. The technology more particularly relates to the use of azole compounds capable of inhibiting corrosion of the electrically conductive componentry in the vapor space above a lubricant composition, and often in the liquid phase of the lubricant composition as well.

The invention provides a fullerene compound; a lubricant that is for a magnetic recording medium and that contains the fullerene compound; and a magnetic recording medium. The fullerene compound is an ionic liquid that is represented by general formula (1) and is formed from a Bronsted acid (H.sub.n1X) and a Bronsted base ([R.sub.2R.sub.3)N—].sub.m1—R.sub.1); wherein one of the Brønsted acid and the Broønsted base contains a group having a fullerene; and the other contains a perfluoroalkyl chain.

##STR00001##

The present disclosure relates to methods of lubricating an electric or a hybrid-electric transmission using a lubricant including a solvent system with a blend of one or more base oils with a branched diester and one or more poly(meth)acrylate copolymers, transmissions therefor, and lubricating compositions suitable for such applications that exhibit good lubricant properties, good electrical properties, and good cooling efficiency at the same time.

A method of lubricating at least a portion of a powertrain in a vehicle with an electric motor with a functional fluid composition containing greater than 50 wt % of a base oil; and an additive composition prepared by mixing: a) a hydrocarbyl acid phosphate of the formula (I) to provide at least 50 ppmw phosphorus to the functional fluid composition; ##STR00001##
wherein R is a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 hydrocarbyl group and R.sub.1 is selected from hydrogen and a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 hydrocarbyl group; b) an amount of one or more calcium-containing detergent(s) sufficient to provide at least 25 ppmw calcium to the functional fluid composition; and c) one or more nitrogen containing dispersants in an amount sufficient to provide greater than 20 ppmw of nitrogen to the functional fluid composition, all based on the total weight of the functional fluid composition. Functional fluid compositions containing the above-mentioned components and lubricating methods are also disclosed herein.

An electrorheological fluid which comprises a dispersion medium containing fluorine atoms in an amount larger than 0 wt % but not larger than 50.0 wt % and particles for electrorheological fluid use that are contained in the dispersion medium in an amount of 10-50 vol % of the total volume of the dispersion medium and the particles, the particles comprising a sulfonic-acid-group-containing polymer having a sulfonic acid group content of 30-70 wt %.

The present invention relates to the use, for cooling and lubricating a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, of a composition comprising: (i) at least one base oil; and (ii) at least one diester of formula R.sup.a—C(O)—O—([C((R).sub.2)].sub.n—O).sub.s—C(O)—R.sup.b (I), different than the base oil (i).

The invention also relates to a method of cooling and lubricating a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle comprising at least one step of bringing at least one mechanical component of said system into contact with a composition as defined above.

A method of lubricating at least a portion of a powertrain in a vehicle with an electric motor with a functional fluid composition containing greater than 50 wt % of a base oil; and an additive composition prepared by mixing: a) a hydrocarbyl acid phosphate of the formula (I) to provide at least 50 ppmw phosphorus to the functional fluid composition;

##STR00001##

wherein R is a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 hydrocarbyl group and R.sub.1 is selected from hydrogen and a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 hydrocarbyl group; b) an amount of one or more calcium-containing detergent(s) sufficient to provide at least 25 ppmw calcium to the functional fluid composition; and c) one or more nitrogen containing dispersants in an amount sufficient to provide greater than 20 ppmw of nitrogen to the functional fluid composition, all based on the total weight of the functional fluid composition. Functional fluid compositions containing the above-mentioned components and lubricating methods are also disclosed herein.

A system includes optics for ultraviolet light or electrons. The optics are situated in a chamber and include a surface to control a path of photons or electrons. The system also includes a lubricated component that is distinct from the surface and is situated in the chamber. The lubricated component is lubricated with a lubricant that includes an ionic liquid having a cation and an anion, wherein at least one of the cation or the anion is organic.