An electrorheological fluid which comprises a dispersion medium containing fluorine atoms in an amount larger than 0 wt % but not larger than 50.0 wt % and particles for electrorheological fluid use that are contained in the dispersion medium in an amount of 10-50 vol % of the total volume of the dispersion medium and the particles, the particles comprising a sulfonic-acid-group-containing polymer having a sulfonic acid group content of 30-70 wt %.

The invention is the use, in an electric vehicle, of a fluid having a boiling point in the range of from 200 C. to 400 C. and a boiling range below 80 C., said fluid comprising more than 95% by weight isoparaffins and less than 3% by weight of naphthens, a biocarbon content of at least 95% by weight, containing less than 100 ppm by weight aromatics.

A lubricating oil composition for an internal combustion engine has a HTHS viscosity at 150? C. of 2.25 to <2.55 mPa.Math.s and includes: (A) a lubricating base oil including (a) mineral base oil(s) and/or (a) synthetic base oil(s), and having a kinematic viscosity at 100? C. of 3.8-4.6 mm.sup.2/s; (B) 1000-2000 mass ppm, in terms of metal content, of a metallic detergent including (a) metal salicylate detergent(s), and delivering ?10 mmol/kg of total salicylate soap base per kilogram of the composition; (C) 1.0 to 4.0 mass % of a comb-shaped poly(meth)acrylate having a Mw of 350,000-1,000,000 and a PDI of ?4.0; and (D) 100-1000 mass ppm, in terms of nitrogen, of a succinimide dispersant including (i) (a) non-modified succinimide dispersant(s) and/or (ii) (a) boric acid-modified succinimide dispersant(s), wherein the (i) and the (ii), in total, deliver ?70 mass % of total nitrogen content of the component (D).

A lubricating oil composition for an internal combustion engine has a HTHS viscosity at 150? C. of 2.25 to <2.55 mPa.Math.s and includes: (A) a lubricating base oil including (a) mineral base oil(s) and/or (a) synthetic base oil(s), and having a kinematic viscosity at 100? C. of 3.8-4.6 mm.sup.2/s; (B) 1000-2000 mass ppm, in terms of metal content, of a metallic detergent including (a) metal salicylate detergent(s), and delivering ?10 mmol/kg of total salicylate soap base per kilogram of the composition; (C) 1.0 to 4.0 mass % of a comb-shaped poly(meth)acrylate having a Mw of 350,000-1,000,000 and a PDI of ?4.0; and (D) 100-1000 mass ppm, in terms of nitrogen, of a succinimide dispersant including (i) (a) non-modified succinimide dispersant(s) and/or (ii) (a) boric acid-modified succinimide dispersant(s), wherein the (i) and the (ii), in total, deliver ?70 mass % of total nitrogen content of the component (D).

A bearing device with first and second bearing surfaces facing each other and which are moveable relative to one another. The first and second bearing surfaces are separated by a bearing gap filled with a lubricant. The lubricant comprises a carrier fluid and particles which respond to magnetic or electric fields. The particles are suspended in the carrier fluid in the absence of magnetic or electric fields. One or more magnetic or electric field generators are embedded in the first or second bearing surface to generate a localized magnetic or electric field which locally removes the particles from suspension by exerting a field force on the particles. This forms a local flow obstruction on at least one of the bearing surfaces in the form of an agglomerate of previously suspended particles. The local flow obstruction locally obstructs a flow of the lubricant.

The use of a lubricant composition in order to cool and/or lubricate the engine of an electric vehicle and the different parts thereof, particularly moving parts, is disclosed. In particular, the use of a lubricant composition includes at least one polyalkylene glycol.

One embodiment of the present invention is a fullerene derivative represented by general formula (1)

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(wherein FLN is a fullerene backbone; each A is independently a monovalent group including a divalent perfluoropolyether group; each R is each independently a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, or an alkoxycarbonyl group including a divalent perfluoropolyether group; at least one of the 2m R is a hydrocarbon group or an alkoxycarbonyl group including a divalent perfluoropolyether group; m is an integer from 1 to 5; and n is an integer from 1 to 6).

The present invention relates to a solid lubricant to be coated on an image bearing member included in an electrophotographic image forming apparatus. The solid lubricant contains a resin particle and metal soap. The resin particle includes a particle body containing an amorphous resin as a principal component, and a fluorine atom supported on a surface of the particle body. The resin particle is a particle having a volume average particle size of 70 nm or more. The solid lubricant can sufficiently increase a cleaning effect in the image forming apparatus.

A motor configured to power an electric or hybrid vehicle, comprising a lubricant oil composition including a polyalkylene glycol (PAG) base oil, at least one of a poly-alpha-olefin (PAO) and an ester, and an additive package that includes at least a sulfur-based extreme pressure agent.

The present invention relates to a base oil. The base oil as described herein provides utility inter alia in gear oil formulations, and in particular transmission fluids, and provides improved coefficient of friction properties when in use. More especially in some embodiments there is provided a gear oil formulation which is particularly suitable for use in electrical vehicles with or without integrated gear boxes.