A composition comprising a heat transfer portion and a lubricating portion, wherein the lubricating portion comprises one or more compounds according to formula (I) of the present disclosure, wherein W is H; Y is independently selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br and I; Z is independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, (CW.sub.2).sub.PCW.sub.3, CY.sub.3, OCW.sub.3, O(CW.sub.2).sub.pCW.sub.3, OCW((CY.sub.2).sub.mCY.sub.3)CWCW.sub.2, polyalkylene glycol and polyolester; n is an integer from 2 to 250; m is an integer from 0 to 3; and p is an integer from 0 to 9.

The present invention provides a method for producing a refrigerating machine oil, comprising blending a hydrocarbyl hydrogen phosphite having an acid value of 100 mgKOH/g or less with a lubricating base oil or an oil composition containing a lubricating base oil, and a refrigerating machine oil obtained by the method.

The present invention provides a refrigerating machine oil composition comprising an ester-based base oil, an epoxy compound, and a carbodiimide compound, the refrigerating machine oil composition being used with a refrigerant containing a fluoropropene in a refrigerating machine comprising a member containing polyethylene terephthalate and/or a member containing hydrogenated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber.

The present invention relates to compositions for use in refrigeration, air-conditioning, and heat pump systems wherein the composition comprises a fluoroolefin and at least one other component. The compositions of the present invention are useful in processes for producing cooling or heat, as heat transfer fluids, foam blowing agents, aerosol propellants, and fire suppression and fire extinguishing agents.

A lubricating oil composition may have excellent long-term anti-foaming performance and detergency while blending a silicone-based anti-foaming agent. Such a lubricating oil composition may contain a base oil (A) and a silicone-based anti-foaming agent (B). A silicon atom content may be 50 ppb by mass to 4,000 ppb by mass, based on a total amount of the lubricating oil composition.

The lubricating oil composition for a refrigerator according to the present invention is a lubricating oil composition for a refrigerator containing a base oil containing a low-viscosity base oil component having added thereto a polyoxyalkylene glycol compound having a kinetic viscosity at 100° C. that is higher than the low-viscosity base oil component, and the base oil has a kinetic viscosity at 100° C. of 2.4 to 25 mm.sup.2/s and a ratio (Mw/Mn) of a weight average molecular weight (Mw) and a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 1.3 to 13.

The lubricating oil composition for a refrigerator of the present invention is a lubricating oil composition for a refrigerator that is used in combination with a refrigerant containing at least one fluorine-containing organic compound selected from compounds represented by the following molecular formula (A):

C.sub.pF.sub.rR.sub.s  (A)

wherein R represents Cl, Br, I, or H; p represents an integer of from 2 to 6; r represents an integer of from 1 to 12; and s represents an integer of from 0 to 11, provided that the molecule contains at least one carbon-carbon unsaturated bond, and the lubricating oil composition for a refrigerator contains a base oil and a cyclic organic compound having a cyclic hydrocarbon structure and having one or more non-conjugated double bond in a cyclic structure or a side chain thereof.

Methods and apparatus for converting kinetic energy of an energetic particle into electrical energy and for accelerating charged particles. A stack of substantially parallel conductors separated by gaps is disposed such that the conductors are substantially parallel to the surface of a cathode, with the conductors mutually electrically uncoupled. An anode is disposed at an end of the stack of conductors distal to the cathode, and a power management system applies a bias voltage between the cathode and the anode and collects charge deposited at the anode in the form of current in an external electrical circuit.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus includes refrigerant circuits in which a high pressure shell compressor, an outdoor heat exchanger, an expansion valve, and an indoor heat exchanger are connected; a mixed refrigerant made up of a mixture of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and configured to circulate through the refrigerant circuits, the mixed refrigerant containing less than 50 wt % of 1,2,2-trifluoroetylene and a mixing ratio of difluoromethane being between 0.7 times and two times (both inclusive) that of 1,2,2-trifluoroetylene in terms of weight ratio, in a state before the mixed refrigerant is enclosed in the refrigerant circuits; and a refrigerating machine oil enclosed in the refrigerant circuits and prepared such that difluoromethane is least soluble in the refrigerating machine oil.

The present invention provides a refrigerating machine oil containing an ester base oil obtained from pentaerythritol and mixed fatty acids of a fatty acid having 8 carbon atoms and a fatty acid having 9 carbon atoms, wherein a ratio of a weight average molecular weight Mw to a number average molecular weight Mn, Mw/Mn, of the ester base oil is 1.06 to 1.20, and used with a mildly flammable hydrofluorocarbon refrigerant.