Anti-bit balling drilling fluids and methods of making and using drilling fluids are provided. The anti-bit balling drilling fluid contains water, a clay-based component, and at least one of a surfactant having the formula: R(OC.sub.2H.sub.4).sub.xOH, where R is a hydrocarbyl group having from 10 to 20 carbon atoms and x is an integer from 1 and 10, or a polyethylene glycol having the formula: H(OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2).sub.nOH, where n is an integer from 1 to 50. Methods of making and using these drilling fluids are also provided.

According to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, a well bore cementing system may comprise a spacer fluid and a cement slurry. The spacer fluid may be positioned within a well bore, and the spacer fluid may comprise a first surfactant package comprising one or more surfactants. The cement slurry may be positioned within the well bore, and the cement slurry may comprise a second surfactant package comprising one or more surfactants.

In one embodiment, a retarded acid system comprises an aqueous acid and a retarding surfactant. The aqueous acid may comprise from 5 wt. % to 25 wt. % of a strong acid, that is, an acid having a K.sub.a greater than or equal to 0.01. The aqueous acid may further comprise from 75 wt. % to 95 wt. % water. The retarding surfactant may have the general chemical formula R(OC.sub.2H.sub.4).sub.XOH where R is a hydrocarbon having from 11 to 15 carbon atoms and x is an integer from 6 to 10. The retarding surfactant may have a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance from 8 to 16.

A sulfur- and phosphorus-free extreme pressure lubricant and a preparation method thereof is disclosed. The lubricant is prepared by using Turkey red oil, a cyclic anhydride compound, triethanolamine, nano polytetrafluoroethylene powder, an alcohol compound, and water as raw materials. The lubricant does not contain hazardous substances such as sulfur and phosphorus. This reduces the harm to the environment, equipment, and human body, and conforms to the development trend of modern industrial production. Moreover, the lubricant has excellent extreme pressure performance, and can effectively reduce the downhole friction and torque, thereby meeting the construction requirements of extended reach wells and horizontal wells.

In one embodiment, a retarded acid system comprises an aqueous acid and a retarding surfactant. The aqueous acid may comprise from 5 wt. % to 25 wt. % of a strong acid, that is, an acid having a K.sub.a greater than or equal to 0.01. The aqueous acid may further comprise from 75 wt. % to 95 wt. % water. The retarding surfactant may have the general chemical formula R(OC.sub.2H.sub.4).sub.XOH where R is a hydrocarbon having from 11 to 15 carbon atoms and x is an integer from 6 to 10. The retarding surfactant may have a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance from 8 to 16.

Embodiments are directed to a lubricant package for water based drilling fluids. The lubricant package includes water, a polyethylene glycol, and a lubricating agent. The lubricating agent includes triethanolamine, or a C.sub.12-C.sub.14 alcohol ethoxylate, or a combination of triethanolamine and C.sub.12-C.sub.14 alcohol ethoxylate. The weight ratio of the polyethylene glycol to the lubricating agent in the lubricant package is from 1:2 to 2:1. Embodiments are also directed to a water-based drilling fluid composition including an aqueous base fluid, one or more additives, and the lubricant package for water based drilling fluids.

A method for producing a triglyceride including fatty acids with vicinal diesters: (a) providing a triglyceride including fatty acids with epoxide groups; (b) reacting the epoxide groups with carboxylic acid salts under basic conditions to produce a triglyceride including fatty acids with vicinal ester/alkoxides; (c) protonating the vicinal ester/alkoxides to produce a triglyceride including fatty acids with vicinal ester/alcohols; and (d) reacting the vicinal ester/alcohols with carboxylic acids under acidic conditions to produce a triglyceride including fatty acids with vicinal diesters.

In one embodiment, a retarded acid system comprises an aqueous acid and a retarding surfactant. The aqueous acid may comprise from 5 wt. % to 25 wt. % of a strong acid, that is, an acid having a K.sub.a greater than or equal to 0.01. The aqueous acid may further comprise from 75 wt. % to 95 wt. % water. The retarding surfactant may have the general chemical formula R(OC.sub.2H.sub.4).sub.XOH where R is a hydrocarbon having from 11 to 15 carbon atoms and x is an integer from 6 to 10. The retarding surfactant may have a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance from 8 to 16.

A method for manufacturing of steel articles comprises nitriding (210) a steel article at a nitrification temperature in the interval 350-650 C., giving a nitrided steel article. The nitrided steel article is quenched (220) in a reactive quenching oil from the nitrification temperature. The reactive quenching oil comprises at least one of S, P, B, Mo and W. Thereby, the quenching additionally comprises coating (222) of the nitrided steel article by a solid lubricant comprising at least one of S, P, B, Mo and W. An apparatus for manufacturing of steel articles, a quenching oil and a steel article produced by the method are also disclosed.

A drilling fluid composition which includes a base fluid, one or more additives, and a viscosifier package. The base fluid is an invert emulsion comprising oil and water. Further, the one or more additives is chosen from an emulsifier, a weighting material, a fluid-loss control additive, or an alkaline compound. The viscosifier package includes a fatty acid having 6 or more carbon atoms and an aliphatic polyester. The drilling fluid composition has a yield point of from 30 lb.sub.f/100 ft.sup.2 to 100 lb.sub.f/100 ft.sup.2 and a low shear yield point of from 10 lb.sub.f/100 ft.sup.2 to 40 lb.sub.f/100 ft.sup.2. The associated method of drilling a subterranean well including operating a drill in a wellbore in the presence of the drilling fluid composition is also provided.