The present disclosure relates to methods for producing renewable base oil and other valuable renewable fuel components from a feedstock of biological origin comprising free fatty acids and glycerides. The feedstock is first separated to two or more effluent streams containing a fatty acid fraction and glyceride fraction. The glycerides are hydrolyzed to free fatty acids and glycerol, and the fatty acids thus obtained are recycled to the separating. The fatty acids are then converted to the base oil by ketonisation, hydrodeoxygenation and hydroisomerisation. The glycerol is converted to propanols by selective hydrogenolysis.

A method of upcycling polymers to useful hydrocarbon materials. A catalyst with nanoparticles on a substrate selectively docks and cleaves longer hydrocarbon chains over shorter hydrocarbon chains. The nanoparticles exhibit an edge to facet ratio to provide for more interactions with the facets.

The present invention relates to a device for electrically processing a fatty substance of plant origin, comprising a series of electrodes (1 and 2) and an enclosure (4), said device being characterised in that the enclosure (4) is provided with at least one electrical connector (5) placed on the outer surface (40) of the enclosure (4), a series of electrical connections for connecting each electrode of said series of electrodes to said electrical connector (5), with the current flow distances of the electrical connections being equal in relation to each other, and a first inlet (6) and a first outlet (7) for the fatty substance, and in that said device comprises a filter (12) having an inlet (13) in fluidic connection with said first fatty-substance outlet (7) of the enclosure (4) and an output (14) in fluidic connection with said first fatty-substance inlet (6) of the enclosure (4).

The invention provides a lubricant composition comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity and a protic acid salt of an N-hydrocarbyl-substituted gamma-(γ-) or delta-amino(thio)ester. The invention further relates to a method of lubricating a mechanical device with the lubricant composition.

The invention provides a lubricant composition comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity and a protic acid salt of an N-hydrocarbyl-substituted gamma-(γ-) or delta-amino(thio)ester. The invention further relates to a method of lubricating a mechanical device with the lubricant composition.

Hydrogenated polymers with a radial structure having a core made up of calixarenes of the general formula (I), to the core of which is linked a number P of hydrogenated linear polymer segments selected from: —hydrogenated homopolymers or co-polymers of conjugated dienes; or—hydrogenated co-polymers of said conjugated dienes and monoalkenyl arenes, and—mixtures thereof said formula (I) in which: —R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently selected from hydrogen; a group containing carbon and hydrogen; a group also containing heteroatoms in addition to carbon and hydrogen; a group also containing silicon in addition to carbon, hydrogen and heteroatoms; —one of the two substituents R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 is hydrogen, while the other may be hydrogen or alkyl, with a number of carbon atoms between 1 and 6, preferably methyl and ethyl; —n is an integer in the range between 4 and 16. ##STR00001##

Provided herein are hydrocarbon mixtures with controlled structure characteristics that address the performance requirements for finished lubricants driven by the stricter environmental and fuel economy regulations. The branching characteristics of the hydrocarbon molecules are controlled to provide a composition that has a unique and superior viscosity-temperature relationship and Noack volatility. An important aspect of the present invention relates to a saturated hydrocarbon mixture with at least 80% of the molecules having an even carbon number, with the branching characteristic of BP/BI in the range≥−0.6037 (Internal alkyl branching)+2.0, where on average at least 0.3 to 1.5 of the internal methyl branches are located more than 4 carbons away from the terminal carbon when analyzed by carbon NMR. The saturated hydrocarbon mixture with such unique branching structure consistently exhibits a stand out performance in the cold crank simulated viscosity (CCS) vs Noack volatility relationship, which allows for the formulation of lower viscosity engine oils with improved fuel economies.

Provided herein are hydrocarbon mixtures with controlled structure characteristics that address the performance requirements for finished lubricants driven by the stricter environmental and fuel economy regulations. The branching characteristics of the hydrocarbon molecules are controlled to provide a composition that has a unique and superior viscosity-temperature relationship and Noack volatility. An important aspect of the present invention relates to a saturated hydrocarbon mixture with at least 80% of the molecules having an even carbon number, with the branching characteristic of BP/BI in the range≥−0.6037 (Internal alkyl branching)+2.0, where on average at least 0.3 to 1.5 of the internal methyl branches are located more than 4 carbons away from the terminal carbon when analyzed by carbon NMR. The saturated hydrocarbon mixture with such unique branching structure consistently exhibits a stand out performance in the cold crank simulated viscosity (CCS) vs Noack volatility relationship, which allows for the formulation of lower viscosity engine oils with improved fuel economies.

A VM concentrate comprising: from about 60 to about 95 parts (and at least 50 wt %) of a diluent oil (e.g., having a KV100 of about 2 cSt to about 40 cSt); and from about 5 parts to about 40 parts (and at least 6.0 wt %) of a linear triblock copolymer characterized by the formula: D′-PA-D″; wherein D′ represents a block derived from diene, PA represents a block derived from monoalkenyl arene, D″ represents a block derived from diene, and the linear triblock copolymer is present in an amount effective to modify a lubricating kinematic viscosity at approximately 100° C. (KV100) of the concentrate, and wherein the KV100 of the concentrate is about 3000 cSt or less. The linear triblock copolymer may additionally or alternatively have a thickening efficiency span of at most 0.5.

A comb copolymer viscosity modifier may be made by polymerization comprising at least, or consisting essentially of, the following monomers: (a) (optionally from 7.0 wt % to 18 wt %, by repeat units, of) a hydrogenated polybutadiene-based (alk)acrylate ester macromonomer; (b) (optionally from 33 wt % to 64 wt % or from 38 wt % to 58 wt %, by repeat units, of) a C.sub.3-C.sub.8 alkyl (alk)acrylate ester monomer; (c) (optionally up to 35.0 wt %, by repeat units, of) a C.sub.12-C.sub.24 alkyl (alk)acrylate ester monomer; and (d) (optionally from 3.0 wt % to 27 wt %, by repeat units, of) a C.sub.6-C.sub.20 aryl, aralkyl, or alkaryl (alk)acrylate ester monomer, such that a sum of repeat units due to (c) plus (d) constitute at least 21.0 wt % of repeat units of the comb copolymer viscosity modifier. Lubricant compositions comprising the comb copolymer viscosity modifier, as well as uses thereof and methods for modifying viscosity and dispersancy, are also contemplated.