A product, a method of producing and a method of using are disclosed. The product comprises attapulgite that has been thermally activated. The product may have a permeability in oil in the range of 0.04-3 darcy and may have a surface area of 45-140 m.sup.2/g. The method of producing may comprise thermally activating a material that includes attapulgite by heating the material at a temperature in the range of 300 to 900° C. The method of decolorizing may include contacting for a contact time an oil with the bleaching clay product that comprises attapulgite that has been thermally activated, and separating the bleaching clay product from the oil to recover a decolorized oil that has a lower red color than the oil had prior to the contacting, and removing phosphorus and metals for hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO)/renewable diesel feedstock pretreatment.

A product, a method of producing and a method of using are disclosed. The product comprises attapulgite that has been thermally activated. The product may have a permeability in oil in the range of 0.04-3 darcy and may have a surface area of 45-140 m.sup.2/g. The method of producing may comprise thermally activating a material that includes attapulgite by heating the material at a temperature in the range of 300 to 900° C. The method of decolorizing may include contacting for a contact time an oil with the bleaching clay product that comprises attapulgite that has been thermally activated, and separating the bleaching clay product from the oil to recover a decolorized oil that has a lower red color than the oil had prior to the contacting, and removing phosphorus and metals for hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO)/renewable diesel feedstock pretreatment.

There is provided an oiliness-reducing agent that is capable of reducing the oiliness perceived when a person consumes a food product.

The oiliness-reducing agent is characterized by containing, as an active ingredient, a heated oil obtained by implementing a heating treatment at 120° C. or higher on an unrefined crude oil including an expressed oil of an oil and fat raw material or an extracted oil of the oil and fat raw material, or on an oil and fat that has passed through a degumming step, a deacidification step, or a bleaching step in steps for refining the unrefined crude oil.

The present disclosure provides compounds useful as ionizable cationic lipids. The ionizable cationic lipids are useful for preparing lipid nanoparticles for the delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids to cells. Cationic ionizable lipids were engineered with improved stability to oxidative degradation while in storage.

Methods of refining palm oil in order to produce a refined, bleached and deodorized palm oil with reduced level of 3-monochloropropane-1, 2-diol (3-MCPD) ester are disclosed. The methods may include premixing a palm oil with an acid to chelate metals and form a reaction mixture, and subjecting the reaction mixture to hydrodynamic cavitation mixing for less than 1 second.

The present invention discloses solvent free process for extracting cholesterol free of impurities from milk fat. The so isolated cholesterol is useful for the further preparation of vitamin D3. The present invention further provides pharmaceutical grade cholesterol from milk fat of high purity.

A vegetable oil physical refining process able to mitigate the occurrence of glycidyl esters (GE) including at least a deodorization step followed by a stripping step, wherein, the deodorization step includes contacting said vegetable oil with steam at a pressure above 5 mbara, during at least 10 minutes at a temperature of at least 230° C., and wherein the stripping step includes stripping the oil resulting from the deodorization step at a pressure below 5 mbara and at a temperature not exceeding 280° C. The process does not compromise the heat bleaching and the full removal of unwanted colours, taste and smell from the physically refined edible oil.

The present invention relates to processes for extracting lipid from vegetative plant parts such as leaves, stems, roots and tubers, and for producing industrial products such as hydrocarbon products from the lipids. Preferred industrial products include alkyl esters which may be blended with petroleum based fuels.

The present invention relates to a process reducing in a palm oil the content of unwanted propanol components selected from free chloropropanols, chloropropanol fatty acid esters and combinations of two or more thereof, and the process is comprising a bleaching step using an adsorbent comprising alumina oxide wherein the content of alumina oxide is not more than 9.5%, preferably the adsorbent is having a content of earth alkali oxides of from 12 to 27%.

The present invention relates to a process reducing in a palm oil the content of unwanted propanol components selected from free chloropropanols, chloropropanol fatty acid esters and combinations of two or more thereof, and the process is comprising a bleaching step using an adsorbent comprising alumina oxide wherein the content of alumina oxide is not more than 9.5%, preferably the adsorbent is having a content of earth alkali oxides of from 12 to 27%.