A fat formulation can include triglycerides that include saturated fatty acids with carbon chain lengths between 4 and 24 carbon atoms long, wherein the fat formulation is a liquid or semi-solid at a temperature between 18-25 C. A fat formulation can additionally or alternatively include triglycerides comprising glycerol esterified with: odd carbon chain length, linear saturated fatty acids; even carbon chain length, linear saturated fatty acids; and unsaturated fatty acids. A method can include: optionally, receiving an unsaturated fatty acid; oxidizing hydrocarbons or oxygenates to form saturated fatty acids; selecting a distribution of saturated fatty acids from the formed saturated fatty acids; and esterifying glycerol with the unsaturated fatty acid and the distribution of saturated fatty acids to form a fat composition.

A method for producing a high viscosity, low volatiles blown stripped plant-based oil is provided. The method may include the steps of: (i) obtaining a plant-based oil; (ii) heating the oil to at least 90C; (iii) passing air through the heated oil to produce a blown oil having a viscosity of at least 200 cSt at 40C; (iv) stripping the blown oil from step (iii) to reduce an acid value of the blown oil to from 5 mg KOH/g to about 9 mg KOH/g; (v) adding a polyol to the stripped oil from (iv), and (vi) stripping the oil from step (v) to reduce the acid value of the oil to less than 5.0 mg KOH/g or less.

A method for producing a high viscosity, low volatiles blown stripped plant-based oil is provided. The method may include the steps of: (i) obtaining a plant-based oil; (ii) heating the oil to at least 90C; (iii) passing air through the heated oil to produce a blown oil having a viscosity of at least 200 cSt at 40C; (iv) stripping the blown oil from step (iii) to reduce an acid value of the blown oil to from 5 mg KOH/g to about 9 mg KOH/g; (v) adding a polyol to the stripped oil from (iv), and (vi) stripping the oil from step (v) to reduce the acid value of the oil to less than 5.0 mg KOH/g or less.

A fat formulation can include a first set of glycerides that can include glycerides with fatty acids selected from a first distribution of linear saturated fatty acids and a second set of glycerides with fatty acids selected from a second distribution of linear saturated fatty acids, where the first and second distribution of linear saturated fatty acids are each subsets from a shared initial distribution of fatty acids.

A fat formulation can include a first set of glycerides that can include glycerides with fatty acids selected from a first distribution of linear saturated fatty acids and a second set of glycerides with fatty acids selected from a second distribution of linear saturated fatty acids, where the first and second distribution of linear saturated fatty acids are each subsets from a shared initial distribution of fatty acids.

Disclosed is a method for preparing bio-oil, which can be used as bio heavy fuel oil and bio marine oil, from a fatty acid with high acid value. The method for preparing bio-oil comprises the steps of: inputting materials comprising glycerine and a fatty acid into respective material input ports positioned in the center of a column-type reactor and esterification reacting the material comprising glycerine and fatty acid in each tray of a reaction area, thereby producing glyceride and water; obtaining the produced glyceride through a lower part of the reactor; and vaporizing the water produced by the reaction, moving the water (vapor) to a distillation area in an upper part of the reactor to separate the water from active components comprised in the vapor, allowing the separated active components to flow into the reaction area, and removing the separated water (vapor) through the upper part of the reactor.

Disclosed is a method for preparing bio-oil, which can be used as bio heavy fuel oil and bio marine oil, from a fatty acid with high acid value. The method for preparing bio-oil comprises the steps of: inputting materials comprising glycerine and a fatty acid into respective material input ports positioned in the center of a column-type reactor and esterification reacting the material comprising glycerine and fatty acid in each tray of a reaction area, thereby producing glyceride and water; obtaining the produced glyceride through a lower part of the reactor; and vaporizing the water produced by the reaction, moving the water (vapor) to a distillation area in an upper part of the reactor to separate the water from active components comprised in the vapor, allowing the separated active components to flow into the reaction area, and removing the separated water (vapor) through the upper part of the reactor.

A method for producing a fatty acid can include: receiving a hydrocarbon sample derived from at least one of carbon dioxide, methane, coal, biomass, or other suitable carbon feedstock, oxidizing the hydrocarbon sample to form oxygenated hydrocarbons, optionally separating different oxygenated species from the oxygenated hydrocarbons, optionally fractioning the oxygenated hydrocarbons, and optionally esterifying the oxygenated hydrocarbons such as to form triglycerides.

A method for producing a fatty acid can include: receiving a hydrocarbon sample derived from at least one of carbon dioxide, methane, coal, biomass, or other suitable carbon feedstock, oxidizing the hydrocarbon sample to form oxygenated hydrocarbons, optionally separating different oxygenated species from the oxygenated hydrocarbons, optionally fractioning the oxygenated hydrocarbons, and optionally esterifying the oxygenated hydrocarbons such as to form triglycerides.

A method of preparing monoglycerides from fermentation-derived carboxylic and acids includes esterifying the fermentation-derived carboxylic acids with glycerol to produce the monoglycerides, wherein the monoglycerides are short-chain monoglycerides, medium-chain monoglycerides, or a combination of any two or more thereof.