What is described is a compound of formula III or IV

##STR00001## wherein R.sub.1 is a branched alkyl with 12 to 20 carbons; R.sub.2 is a linear alkyl with 5 to 10 carbons or a branched alkyl with 12 to 20 carbons; L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 are each a bond or a linear alkylene having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, when L.sub.3 is a bond; L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 are each a linear alkylene or alkenylene 5 to 18 carbon atoms, when L.sub.3 is an alkylene of 5 to 18 carbons; X is S or O; R.sub.3 is of a lower alkyl; and R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are the same or different, each a lower alkyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

A method for producing monovalent unsaturated free fatty acids having 20 and/or 22 carbons or low-grade alcohol esters thereof, said method involving the following: obtaining free fatty acids or low-grade alcohol esters through the hydrolysis or alcoholysis of oils and fats derived from marine products; carrying out distillation on the free fatty acids or low-grade alcohol esters, and reducing the concentration of fatty acids with 18 or less carbons in the low-grade alcohol esters or free fatty acids; and collecting fractions of monovalent unsaturated free fatty acids having 20 and/or 22 carbons or low-grade alcohol esters thereof by column chromatography based on reversed-phase distribution.

A method for producing monovalent unsaturated free fatty acids having 20 and/or 22 carbons or low-grade alcohol esters thereof, said method involving the following: obtaining free fatty acids or low-grade alcohol esters through the hydrolysis or alcoholysis of oils and fats derived from marine products; carrying out distillation on the free fatty acids or low-grade alcohol esters, and reducing the concentration of fatty acids with 18 or less carbons in the low-grade alcohol esters or free fatty acids; and collecting fractions of monovalent unsaturated free fatty acids having 20 and/or 22 carbons or low-grade alcohol esters thereof by column chromatography based on reversed-phase distribution.

What is described is a compound of formula I

##STR00001##

wherein R is a linear alkyl of 1 to 12 carbons, or a linear alkenyl or alkynyl of 2 to 12 carbons; L is a linear alkylene or alkenylene of 5 to 18 carbons; X is COO or OCO; Y is S or O; R.sub.1 is a linear or branched alkylene consisting of 1 to 6 carbons; and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are the same or different, consisting of a hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl consisting of 1 to 6 carbons; and n is 1-6;
or a salt, a solvate, or a pharmaceutical formulation thereof.

What is described is a compound of formula (1) ##STR00001##
wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different, each a linear or branched alkyl with 1-9 carbons, or an alkenyl or alkynyl with 2 to 11 carbon atoms; L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 are the same or different, each a linear alkyl having 5 to 18 carbon atoms, or form a heterocycle with N; X.sub.1 is a bond, or is COO whereby L.sub.2-COOR.sub.2 is formed; X.sub.2 is S or O; L.sub.3 is a bond or a lower alkyl, or form a heterocycle with N; R.sub.3 is a lower alkyl; and R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are the same or different, each a lower alkyl;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

What is described is a compound of formula (1) ##STR00001##
wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different, each a linear or branched alkyl with 1-9 carbons, or an alkenyl or alkynyl with 2 to 11 carbon atoms; L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 are the same or different, each a linear alkyl having 5 to 18 carbon atoms, or form a heterocycle with N; X.sub.1 is a bond, or is COO whereby L.sub.2-COOR.sub.2 is formed; X.sub.2 is S or O; L.sub.3 is a bond or a lower alkyl, or form a heterocycle with N; R.sub.3 is a lower alkyl; and R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are the same or different, each a lower alkyl;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Fatty acids are produced through transacylation. An organic nitrogen-containing compound is reacted with alkyl sultone to generate a white solid of a zwitterionic compound. After being purified and dried, the white solid is powdered to be reacted with a Bronsted strong acid for obtaining a clear viscous water-based acidic ionic liquid (IL) as a catalyst used used to effectively process transacylation between oil and acetic acid (HOAc) for fabricating fatty acid (FFA) and glycerol triacetate (GTA). Therein, unsaturated fatty acid is simultaneously processed through addition acetoxylation to obtain stabilized acetoxy fatty acid (AFFA). After, HOAc is recycled through vacuuming. Then, the product and the IL are stratified. The product at upper layer is taken out. The IL at lower layer can be recycled for processing transacylation and addition acetoxylation repeatedly. Therein, fatty acids including the stabilized AFFA are obtained from the product after taking out GTA through vacuum distillation.

An improved material, preferably a biomaterial, is provided which is the reaction product of S.sub.8 and a free fatty acid or free fatty acid-containing material, preferably in the presence of metal. The improved material can be made by a method comprising reacting S.sub.8 with a free fatty acid to obtain a FFA/S.sub.8 composite and shaping the FFA/S.sub.8 composite into a solid form. The solid form of said FFA/S.sub.8 is melted to form melted FFA/S.sub.8 and the melted FFA/S.sub.8 is optionally applied as a coating on a surface, used as an adjacent material to a surface or the FFA/S.sub.8 composite itself is shaped thereby forming a device and preferably a medical device.

The present invention relates to transgenic plants comprising a plurality of nucleic acids heterologous to said plant, each of said nucleic acid comprising a coding sequence operably linked to one or more regulatory elements for directing expression of said coding sequence in said plant, said nucleic acid being stably integrated at or adjacent to rDNA sequences, or a seed, organ, tissue, part or cell thereof, or a descendant of said plant, seed, organ, tissue, part or cell; methods of producing the transgenic plants; and methods of producing oil using the transgenic plants.

What are described are compounds of formula II. The compound of formula II ##STR00001##
consists of a compound in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are both a linear alkyl consisting of 1 to 12 carbons, an alkenyl or alkynyl consisting of 2 to 12 carbons; L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 both consist of a linear alkylene or alkenylene consisting of 5 to 18 carbons; X is S; L.sub.3 consists of a bond; R.sub.3 consists of a linear or branched alkylene consisting of 1 to 6 carbons; and R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are the same or different, each consisting of hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl consisting of 1 to 6 carbons; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.