A method for producing renewable diesel includes introducing a primary feedstock comprising biologically-derived triglycerides with catalyst poisons into a first reaction chamber and hydrolyzing the primary feedstock within the first reaction and liquid-liquid extraction chamber for at least an hour such that the reacted triglycerides are separated into an aqueous solution comprising glycerol and catalyst poisons, and an intermediate feedstock comprising free fatty acids and catalyst poisons. The method also includes distilling the intermediate feedstock to separate the intermediate feedstock into a purified intermediate stream and a lower volume bottom stream containing unreacted triglyceride, diglyceride, monoglyceride, FFA and catalyst poisons. The method also includes combining the purified intermediate feedstock with a hydrogen stream and converting, in a second reaction chamber comprising a metallic catalyst bed, the purified intermediate feedstock into a product comprising long-chain alkanes. The method also includes hydrotreating the purified intermediate feedstock into a renewable diesel product.

The present invention relates to methods of synthesizing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, in recombinant cells such as yeast or plant cells. Also provided are recombinant cells or plants which produce long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a group of new enzymes which possess desatorase or elongase activity that can be used in methods of synthesizing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.

The present invention relates to methods of synthesizing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, in recombinant cells such as yeast or plant cells. Also provided are recombinant cells or plants which produce long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a group of new enzymes which possess desatorase or elongase activity that can be used in methods of synthesizing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.

A method for making a solid material which is useful as a heterogeneous catalyst including the steps of: forming at least one copper oxide suspension comprising solid particles of copper oxide in a liquid; forming at least one carrier suspension comprising solid particles of a carrier material in a liquid; combining the copper oxide suspension and the carrier suspension; subjecting the combined suspensions to mechanical energy; separating the suspension liquid from the solid particles in the combined suspension; and subjecting the solid material to a thermal decomposition step. A catalyst made by the method has a BET surface area greater than 150 m.sup.2/g, a particle size distribution in which D50 is in the range from 25-35 m, and wherein the D50 after 60 minutes ultrasound treatment is at least 30% of the original value.

The present application provides a composition comprising 8-30 mass % of C.sub.4-12 linear alkanes, 5-50 mass % of .sub.C4-12 branched alkanes, 25-60 mass % of C.sub.5-12 cycloalkanes, 1-25 mass of C.sub.6-12 aromatic hydrocarbons, no more than 1 mass% of alkenes, and no more than 0.5 mass % in total of oxygen-containing compounds; wherein the total amount of C.sub.4-12 alkanes is 40-80 mass %, and the total amount of C.sub.4-12 alkanes, C.sub.5-12 cycloalkanes and C.sub.6-12 aromatic hydrocarbons is at least 95 mass %; and wherein the amounts are based on the mass of the composition. Also described is a method for producing the composition comprising the step of hydroprocessing a biological feedstock using a catalyst and the step of fractionating the product of the hydroprocessing step.

The present application provides a composition comprising 8-30 mass % of C.sub.4-12 linear alkanes, 5-50 mass % of .sub.C4-12 branched alkanes, 25-60 mass % of C.sub.5-12 cycloalkanes, 1-25 mass of C.sub.6-12 aromatic hydrocarbons, no more than 1 mass% of alkenes, and no more than 0.5 mass % in total of oxygen-containing compounds; wherein the total amount of C.sub.4-12 alkanes is 40-80 mass %, and the total amount of C.sub.4-12 alkanes, C.sub.5-12 cycloalkanes and C.sub.6-12 aromatic hydrocarbons is at least 95 mass %; and wherein the amounts are based on the mass of the composition. Also described is a method for producing the composition comprising the step of hydroprocessing a biological feedstock using a catalyst and the step of fractionating the product of the hydroprocessing step.

The present invention provides a composition comprising 8-30 mass % of C.sub.4-12 linear alkanes, 5-50 mass % of C.sub.4-12 branched alkanes, 25-60 mass % of C.sub.5-12 cycloalkanes, 1-25 mass of C.sub.6-12 aromatic hydrocarbons, no more than 1 mass % of alkenes, and no more than 0.5 mass % in total of oxygen-containing compounds; wherein the total amount of C.sub.4-12 alkanes is 40-80 mass %, and the total amount of C.sub.4-12 alkanes, C.sub.5-12 cycloalkanes and C.sub.6-12 aromatic hydrocarbons is at least 95 mass %; and wherein the amounts are based on the mass of the composition. Also provided is a method for producing the composition comprising the step of hydroprocessing a biological feedstock using a catalyst and the step of fractionating the product of the hydroprocessing step.

The present invention provides a composition comprising 8-30 mass % of C.sub.4-12 linear alkanes, 5-50 mass % of C.sub.4-12 branched alkanes, 25-60 mass % of C.sub.5-12 cycloalkanes, 1-25 mass of C.sub.6-12 aromatic hydrocarbons, no more than 1 mass % of alkenes, and no more than 0.5 mass % in total of oxygen-containing compounds; wherein the total amount of C.sub.4-12 alkanes is 40-80 mass %, and the total amount of C.sub.4-12 alkanes, C.sub.5-12 cycloalkanes and C.sub.6-12 aromatic hydrocarbons is at least 95 mass %; and wherein the amounts are based on the mass of the composition. Also provided is a method for producing the composition comprising the step of hydroprocessing a biological feedstock using a catalyst and the step of fractionating the product of the hydroprocessing step.

Embodiments of the present invention relate to drilling oil, and to a method of preparing the drilling oil, including converting C16 and/or C18 fatty acids derived from fat of biological origin into C15 and/or C17 olefins through decarbonylation.

Embodiments of the present invention relate to drilling oil, and to a method of preparing the drilling oil, including converting C16 and/or C18 fatty acids derived from fat of biological origin into C15 and/or C17 olefins through decarbonylation.