The present invention relates to a metal compound of calixarene not containing sulfur and dispersible in oil, which can be partially salified, or neutral, or basic or overbased, said calixarene having general formula (I) in which: a) R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently selected from hydrogen, or a group containing carbon and hydrogen, or a group containing in addition to carbon and hydrogen also heteroatoms, provided that said heteroatoms are not sulfur; b) one of the two substituents R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 is hydrogen, while the other may be selected from hydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl with a number of carbon atoms between 1 and 6, preferably methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl, 2-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, more preferably methyl or ethyl; c) n is the number of units of the calixarene ring and is comprised in the range between 4 and 16, preferably between 5 and 12; said calixarene being characterized in that in at least one of the n units of the calixarene ring, at least one of the substituents R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 contains at least one acid group of carboxylic type available for the reaction with a metal base, with the proviso that said acid group of carboxylic type is not contained in a unit of the calixarene ring derived from salicylic acid. ##STR00001##

A detergent in the form of an envelope including a water-repellent component such that, even when wet laundry is stored, the shape stability of the detergent in the form of the envelope can be maintained.

Effective defoamer compositions contain two different aryl-substituted organopolysiloxanes and filler particles, and show high defoaming capability.

Provided herein is a fractionator and related process for separating solubilized rubber from a co-solvent based miscella.

Provided herein is a fractionator and related process for separating solubilized rubber from a co-solvent based miscella.

A composition includes methyl acetate, dimethyl carbonate, acetone, or a combination thereof, dimethyl sulfoxide, methyl glyoxal, propylene carbonate, gamma butyrolactone, ethylene carbonate, 2-chloro-1-propanol, or a combination thereof, and optionally thiophene, 1,3-dioxolane, thioacetic acid, or a combination thereof. The respective amounts of each solvent are further described herein, and the total amounts of methyl acetate, dimethyl carbonate, acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide, methyl glyoxal, propylene carbonate, thiophene, 1,3-dioxolane, and thioacetic acid sum to at least 90 volume percent of the total volume of the composition. The composition can be particularly useful for removal of a coating from a surface. Accordingly, a method of removing a coating from a surface is also disclosed.

Removing an asphaltene particle from a substrate includes contacting a silicate nanoparticle with a chemical group to form a functionalized silicate nanoparticle, the chemical group includes a first portion; and a second portion comprising a nonaromatic moiety, the first portion being bonded to the silicate nanoparticle; contacting the asphaltene particle with the functionalized silicate nanoparticle, the asphaltene particle being disposed on the substrate; interposing the functionalized silicate nanoparticle between the asphaltene particle and the substrate; and separating the asphaltene particle from the substrate with the functionalized silicate nanoparticle to remove the asphaltene particle. A composition includes a functionalized silicate nanoparticle comprising a reaction product of a silicate nanoparticle and a functionalization compound; and a fluid. The functionalization compound includes a chemical group that includes a first portion, the first portion being directly bonded to the silicate nanoparticle in the functionalized silicate nanoparticle; and a second portion including an aromatic moiety or a nonaromatic moiety.

The invention relates to the stabilization during storage of enzymes comprised in liquid detergent compositions.

The invention provides a concentrated detergent composition comprising alkali metal carbonate, alkali metal percarbonate, and a peroxidation catalyst according to formula (I) [(L.sub.pM.sub.q).sub.nX.sub.r]Y.sub.s, wherein each L independently is an organic ligand containing at least three nitrogen atoms that coordinate with the metal M; M is Mn or Fe; each X independently is a coordinating or bridging group selected from the group consisting of H.sub.2O, OH.sup., SH.sup., HO.sub.2.sup., O.sup.2, O.sub.2.sup.2, S.sup.2, F.sup., Cl.sup., Br.sup., I.sup., NO.sub.3.sup., NO.sub.2.sup., SO.sub.4.sup.2, SO.sub.3.sup.2, PO.sub.4.sup.3, N.sub.3.sup., CN.sup., NR.sub.3, NCS.sup., RCN, RS.sup., RCO.sub.2.sup., RO.sup., and ##STR00001##
with R being hydrogen or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl group; p is an integer from 1 to 4; q is an integer from 1 to 2; r is an integer from 0 to 6; Y is a counter ion; and s is the number of counter ions. The invention also relates to the use of said concentrated detergent composition as a warewashing detergent for the removal of starch soil.

A method of removing an unwanted constituent from a siliceous surface in which the method includes contacting the siliceous surface and the unwanted constituent with a multi-functional composition that includes water, a hydrophilic silane, and a surfactant, and drying the surface.