A large-type horizontal device and a method for continuous methane fermentation belong to dry biogas fermentation technology. The whole distribution of a fermentation compartment uses a U-shape plane layout which is a snap-back type and uses a material propeller. The material propeller has two axes and two blades and is constantly occluded with counter rotation. The irreversible propulsion of materials can be realized through counter rotation of two occluded blades. The propeller is set at the bottom of the main partition of the fermentation compartment. Since the impeller blades adopt a long side design in rotation axis directions, a large amount materials can be propelled. The propel ability of propeller can be changed through changing of rotation speed. Counter rotation of two occluded blades can realize material propeller without material reverting. The inlet and outlet entrances of the reactor in the disclosure are near to the ground and can be operated conveniently to, therefore, save energy. The homogeneous output of materials and entire plug-flow can be realized at the same time without material mixing in the whole process. This makes fermentation more complete.

A high-efficiency food waste carbonization process using a carbonizer specially designed to function at a specific range of temperatures to work efficiently, with minimal energy input and designed to reduce volume and to produce charcoal that may be used as a fuel. The invention is designed to work with high-moisture materials such as food waste.

The invention describes a methodology for production of a secondary extra-particle fungal matrix for application as a mycological material, manufactured via a Type II actively aerated static packed-bed bioreactor. A pre-conditioned air stream is passed through a substrate of discrete elements inoculated with a filamentous fungus to form an isotropic inter-particle hyphal matrix between the discrete elements. Continued feeding of the air through the substrate of discrete elements and isotropic inter-particle hyphal matrixes develops an extra-particle hyphal matrix that extends from an isotropic inter-particle hyphal matrix in the direction of airflow into a void space within the vessel.

A food processing apparatus includes a reaction tank having a first space for storing a liquid reactant to be used for a food; a stirrer including a first stirring body that stirs the reactant in the reaction tank by rotating; catalytic reactors, the catalytic reactors each including a reaction tube and a light source disposed in the reaction tube, the reaction tube having an outer surface provided with a photocatalyst, the reaction tube allowing light emitted from the light source to pass therethrough; and a temperature adjuster that adjusts the temperature of the reactant in the reaction tank. The catalytic reactors are disposed around a first rotary shaft of the first stirring body to be spaced from each other. The temperature adjuster surrounds the catalytic reactors.

Growth methods and systems herein include a growth container with one or more meshes attached thereto. The growth container and its meshes can hold a substrate. The growth container and its meshes can be vertically oriented to allow fungal biomass (e.g., mycelium, fruiting body, primordia, etc.) to grow from the substrate and through the meshes. The growth containers can be cylindrical or a rectangular box having meshes extending along vertically oriented longitudinal sides. The meshes may be provided on two opposite sides of the growth cylinders. These meshes can expose the substrate to a growth environment to facilitate growth of the fungal biomass.

An apparatus (100, 700, 8001, 802, 803) for growing biomass, wherein the apparatus comprises: at least one plate (110, 210, 310, 410, 710) comprising at least two plate sections (120, 220, 320, 331, 332, 333, 420, 421, 422) configured to be movable between an opened position and a closed position. In the closed position the at least two plate sections jointly form a first surface for receiving and holding a growth medium for growing biomass and in the opened position the at least two plate sections are pivoted away from the closed position such that the growth medium is slidably released from the at least one plate. The at least one plate is movably supported on at least one first railing (150, 750), wherein the apparatus further comprises a first drive mechanism (715) for independently moving each of the at least one plate along the at least one first railing; and the at least two plate sections are pivotable about a first axis (251) and a second axis (252) respectively.

Harvesting methods and systems for harvesting fungal biomass from a growth container using one or more meshes is described. The growth container includes a first mesh through which the fungal biomass grows. A second mesh can be disposed over the first mesh such that the fungal biomass grows further through the second mesh. A rotator or a slider can be coupled to the second mesh and configured to move the second mesh relative to the first mesh causing the fungal biomass to shear and transport the fungal biomass on the second mesh to a delivery area.

Growth and harvesting methods and systems herein include a growth container with one or more meshes attached thereto. The growth container and its meshes can hold a substrate. The growth container and its meshes can be vertically oriented to allow fungal biomass (e.g., mycelium, fruiting body, primordia, etc.) to grow from the substrate and through the meshes. The growth containers can be cylindrical or a rectangular box having meshes extending along vertically oriented longitudinal sides. The meshes may be provided on two opposite sides of the growth cylinders. These meshes can expose the substrate to a growth environment to facilitate growth of the fungal biomass. A cutter is configured to move relative to the growth container to harvest the fungal biomass across the mesh while preventing the substrate from sticking to the harvested fungal biomass.

A fermentation production process of paecilomyces hepialis Cs-4 including steps of inoculating Cs-4 strains on a slant culture medium, inoculating Cs-4 strains into a first culture medium in a shake flask, inoculating Cs-4 strains into a second culture medium in a seed tank, inoculating Cs-4 strains into a third culture medium in a propagation tank, and inoculating Cs-4 strains into a fourth culture medium in a fermentation tank. Fermentation broth obtained after fermentation is used as Cs-4 strains to be cultivated in the first culture medium in the shake flask. The slant culture medium includes histidine. The first culture medium in the shake flask includes the histidine and vitamin B.sub.1. The second culture medium in the seed tank includes purine. The third culture medium in the propagation tank includes the purine and pyrimidine. The fourth culture medium in the fermentation tank includes purines and the pyrimidine.

A power-generation system having a combined heat and power plant and a fermentation plant has an electrolysis plant, which is connected by lines to both the combined heat and power plant and to the fermentation plant. This arrangement enables a method in which heat from a combined heat and power plant can be used for a fermentation plant and additionally heat from an electrolysis plant can be used for the fermentation plant, whilst the oxygen from the electrolysis plant is used for the combined heat and power plant.