Anaerobic digestion is enhanced based on the coupling of electron transfer with microbial electrolytic cell. A traditional anaerobic digestion reactor is used as the main body, a microbial electrolytic cell applied with a micro voltage is constructed, and the electron transfer in the system is optimized by an immobilized conductor material, to establish an efficient electron output-transfer-consumption anaerobic digestion pathway to produce methane.

An intravaginal culture device includes an outer housing configured for vaginal insertion. The outer housing includes an upper portion that removably couples with a lower portion. A first inner vessel is located at the upper portion and is configured to house a first plurality of embryos. A second inner vessel is located at the lower portion and is configured to house a second plurality of embryos.

Embodiments of methods and apparatus for T-cell activation, T-cell transfection, and T-cell expansion are provided herein. For example, the apparatus includes a pump connected to a circulation path and configured to circulate cells suspended in a fluid to and from a container connected to the circulation path, the circulation path comprising a 3D printed blood vessel bed comprising in order of cell flow an artery-scaled vessel, an arteriole-scaled vessel, a capillary-scaled vessel, a venule-scaled vessel, and a vein-scaled vessel.

Methods of production of edible filamentous fungal biomat formulations are provided as standalone protein sources and/or protein ingredients in foodstuffs as well as a one-time use or repeated use self-contained biofilm-biomat reactor comprising a container with at least one compartment and placed within the compartment(s), a feedstock, a fungal inoculum, a gas-permeable membrane, and optionally a liquid nutrient medium.

The microfluidic chip can comprise at least one multichamber flow assembly that can comprise a plurality of microchannels. The plurality of microchannels can comprise a first microchannel that includes: a first inlet; a first outlet; and a first chamber fluidly connected to the first inlet and the first outlet. The plurality of microchannels can comprise a second microchannel that includes: a second inlet; a second outlet; and a second chamber fluidly connected to the second inlet and the second outlet. The multichamber flow assembly can comprise a porous biocompatible membrane oriented along a longitudinal interface between the first microchannel and the second microchannel, wherein the porous biocompatible membrane is permeable for movement of biomolecules from the first chamber to the second chamber through the porous biocompatible membrane.

A microfluidic cell culture device is described. The device comprises a microfluidic network comprising a base, a microfluidic channel, and a cover, and at least one perfusion compartment and at least one support compartment inside the microfluidic channel The base and cover each comprise an aperture, thereby defining a conduit through the microfluidic channel. The aperture is in fluidic contact with the at least one support compartment, and with the at least one perfusion compartment through the at least one support compartment. Methods for creating a fluid-fluid interface and for investigating a cellular response to a stimulant using the device are also described.

The devices, methods, and compositions disclosed herein accomplish robust cell encapsulation in polymer microparticles using a vertically oriented microfluidic device. A hydrophilic polymer precursor solution is flowed into a first inlet channel, which extends inward from an upper surface of the device housing. A hydrophobic fluid is flowed into a second inlet channel, which extends inward from a lower surface of the device housing. The two inlet channels meet at a junction, and an outlet channel extends away from the two inlet channels. When the two inwardly flowing streams meet at the junction, the polymer precursor solution disperses into the hydrophobic fluid. The dispersed precursor droplets are photopolymerized into microparticles as they travel through the outlet channel. The resulting microparticles are highly uniform, and are larger than conventionally formed microparticles. Cells of varying types can be encapsulated with high viability and spatial uniformity.

To provide a substrate of a cell culture container in which cells are appropriately maintained in dents and the cells in the dents are appropriately observed, and a cell culture container.

The substrate of a cell culture container of the present invention has a bottom face and a surface having a dent-formed region having a plurality of dents formed, wherein the average depth of the plurality of dents is 200 .Math.m or more, the formula θ1<90-θ2+sin.sup.-1{sin(θ2)×1.38/n} is satisfied wherein θ1 (deg) is the angle formed by a first tangent line which passes a connecting point of a first curved line corresponding to a first dent and a second curved line corresponding to a second dent and which is in contact with the first curved line, and a base line which passes the connecting point and which is in parallel with the bottom face, and n is the refractive index of the substrate, and the formula θ2<90-θ1+sin.sup.-1{sin(θ1)×1.38/n} is satisfied wherein θ2 (deg) is the angle formed by a second tangent line which passes the connecting point and which is in contact with the second curved line, and the base line.

A method for evaluating an adherent cell includes: obtaining an image of an adherent cell accommodated within a culture container; and determining whether the adherent cell is adhering to the culture container based on at least a profile shape of a contact portion of the adherent cell that is in contact with the culture container, the profile shape being specified from the image.

Disclosed are various embodiments for growing, culturing, monitoring, and analyzing embryoid bodies, fused embryoid bodies, spheroids, organoids, or other multi-cellular bodies using a system of microplates. Different types of microplates are designed to be used during the various stages of growing and culturing of cells to form embryoid bodies, fused embryoid bodies, spheroids, organoids, or other multi-cellular bodies. The different microplates are designed to mate with one another to allow for the transfer of cells from wells in one plate to wells in the other plate. An assay plate includes an array of perfusable units that include a supply well that is in fluid communication with a culture well to allow for an exchange of fluid.