There is provided a three-dimensional structure in which a multilayer film is three-dimensionally curved to form an interior space. The multilayer film includes a layer containing a carbon monoatomic layer substance, a support layer, and a curve induction layer that induces a curved structure, where the layer containing the carbon monoatomic layer substance is in contact with the interior space, and the support layer is positioned between the layer containing the carbon monoatomic layer substance and the curve induction layer.

The invention relates to a method for culturing and detecting microorganisms, comprising the steps of providing a liquid sample (S) in a barrel (10) of a device (1) for culturing and detecting microorganisms, passing the liquid sample (S) through a first filtering membrane (40) such that microorganisms contained in the liquid sample (S) are retained at a first side (41) of the first filtering membrane (40), contacting said first side (41) with a first growth medium (210) capable of supporting growth of microorganisms, incubating the first filtering membrane (40) and the first growth medium (210) at an incubation temperature, arranging a sensing surface (51) of a gas sensor (50) in fluid connection with a second side (42) of the first filtering membrane (40), detecting a metabolic gas released by the microorganisms by means of the gas sensor (50). The invention further relates to a device (1) for culturing and detecting microorganisms, comprising a barrel (10) enclosing a barrel compartment (13) for receiving a liquid sample (S), a first piston (20) which (20) is movable in said barrel (10), wherein said barrel compartment (13) is configured to be brought in fluid communication via a first filtering membrane (40) with a sensing surface (51) of a gas sensor (50) configured to detect a metabolic gas released by microorganisms, wherein the first filtering membrane (40) is configured to retain microorganisms contained in the liquid sample (S) at the first side (41) of the first filtering membrane (40). Furthermore, a sensor cartridge (4) and a kit of parts comprising the device (1) are provided.

A device for culturing anaerobic microorganisms is provided. The device comprises a body comprising a waterproof base, a waterproof coversheet attached to the base, and a growth compartment disposed between the base and the coversheet. The growth compartment has a perimeter and an opening that provides liquid access to the growth compartment. A portion of the perimeter is defined by a waterproof seal. The portion includes >50% of the perimeter. A dry cold water-soluble gelling agent is adhered to the base in the growth compartment. A dry first oxygen-scavenging reagent is disposed in the growth compartment.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally to systems and methods for perfusion cell culture involving alternating fluid flows between first and second flexible vessels. For example, a hollow fiber filter module may be attached to first and second culture vessels which each include inner and outer vessels. A pressure source may cause a pressure differential between the outer vessels, which may cause a responsive fluid flow between the inner vessels across a hollow fiber filtration unit.

A three-dimensional porous growth surface (carriers) made by multiple layers of netting or mesh, especially large dimension and area of fabrics that are capable to form a column-type fixed bed by rolling the layers or other shape of fixed bed by stacking or randomly disposed packing the carriers to form a packed-bed for cell culture the layers together. A method to enhance the cell growth by consistent pore dimension and structure through the application of nettings or meshes. A method of use for enhancing the cell recovery with limited layer of the netting or meshes that has fewer obstacles than other carriers made by non-woven fabrics, or porous structure materials. A method of sealing the surrounding of the multilayer nettings or meshes to reduce particle generation during cell harvest, or ease of separation by filtration due to larger wall dimension on the nettings or meshes than cells. The fixed bed make by large dimension of the growth surface can easily to manufacture a fixed bed simply by rolling the multiple layers of sheets, which can reduce the manufacture cost and also facilitate mass production of carriers for fixed bed bioreactors.

Photobioreactor devices and units for the production of biomass and remediation of environmental contamination are provided. The bioreactor devices comprise a membrane photobioreactor (PBR), the PBR comprising a liquid medium, at least one photosynthetic microorganism, and at least one outer membrane layer, wherein the membrane layer is comprised of a material that is permeable to gas transfer across the membrane layer; and further comprise a chamber defining a gaseous atmosphere enclosed within, wherein the PBR is located inside the chamber. The devices also comprise a control system which controls the composition of the atmosphere within the chamber. Gas transfer occurs across the membrane layer of the PBR, between the PBR and the atmosphere comprised within the chamber. Systems comprising the devices are provided as well as methods of using the devices for the production of biomass, remediation of wastewater and removal of atmospheric pollutants.

A culture device is applicable to measurement of an electrical resistance of cells. The culture device includes a measurement chamber, a permeable layer, an upper working electrode, and a lower working electrode. The measurement chamber is longer in a first direction than in a second direction intersecting the first direction. The permeable layer partitions the measurement chamber into a first chamber on an upper side and a second chamber on a lower side. The permeable layer is permeable to liquid. The upper working electrode is disposed on the upper side with respect to the measurement chamber, and has working electrode portions longer in the first direction than in the second direction. The lower working electrode is disposed on the lower side with respect to the measurement chamber, and has working electrode portions longer in the first direction than in the second direction.

An apparatus for culturing cells with enhanced gas transfer and thermal regulation is provided. The apparatus includes a bioreactor with a cell culture bed, such as a fixed structured bed. A pump, such as an agitator, serves to pump liquid through the cell culture bed, and a container is provided for the agitator. A first conduit may be associated with the container, such as by being connected to it or adjacent an opening into it. The bioreactor may also include flow extenders to enhance the gas transfer to a liquid used as media to culture the cells, as well as optional thermoregulators. Related methods are also disclosed.

A liquid cell culture medium collecting filter unit includes a porous metal membrane that filters out cells in a liquid cell culture medium, a support that holds a peripheral portion of the porous metal membrane. and a tubular member that has a hollow part serving a flow path for a liquid cell culture medium. The tubular member is connected to the support such that the flow path faces at least part of a main surface of the porous metal membrane.

A cell culture system includes: a first pump; and a first cell culture container and a second cell culture container. The first cell culture container has a first culture medium circulation flow path. The second cell culture container has a second culture medium circulation flow path independent of the first culture medium circulation flow path. The first culture medium circulation flow path and the second culture medium circulation flow path are fluidly connected to the first pump.