The invention described herein presents compositions and methods for a multistep biological and chemical process for the capture and conversion of carbon dioxide and/or other forms of inorganic carbon into organic chemicals including biofuels or other useful industrial, chemical, pharmaceutical, or biomass products. One or more process steps utilizes chemoautotrophic microorganisms to fix inorganic carbon into organic compounds through chemosynthesis. An additional feature described are process steps whereby electron donors used for the chemosynthetic fixation of carbon are generated by chemical or electrochemical means, or are produced from inorganic or waste sources. An additional feature described are process steps for recovery of useful chemicals produced by the carbon dioxide capture and conversion process, both from chemosynthetic reaction steps, as well as from non-biological reaction steps.

A system for aerobic fermentation includes a vessel, an aeration system including a gas sparger fluidly coupled to the vessel to introduce a compressed gas to an internal volume of the vessel, and a recirculation loop fluidly coupled to an outlet of the vessel. The recirculation loop includes an eductor fluidly coupled to an oxygen-containing gas source, a static mixer downstream of the eductor, a heat exchanger downstream of the eductor, and a distributor downstream of the heat exchanger. The distributor is fluidly coupled to the vessel. The aeration system provides mixing and oxygen mass transfer to the fermentation composition in the vessel. The fermentation composition passes through the eductor, static mixer, heat exchanger, and distributor of the recirculation loop, and back into the vessel. Oxygen is transferred from an oxygen containing gas to the fermentation composition and heat is removed from the fermentation composition in the recirculation loop.

Disclosed is a method and a device for biological production of sulfuric acid. The disclosure allows the use of high concentrations of sulfur as a feed for microbiological oxidation, resulting in high conversion of sulfur to sulfuric acid and, consequently, high sulfuric acid yields, which are obtained in an environmentally friendly way.

The present invention concerns the field of high-efficiency, quality-controlled production of blue-green algae for direct human consumption, for extraction of proteins, vitamins, and amino acids, and for production of organic materials loaded with the special isotope 13C.

It is an object of the present invention to describe a high-efficiency photobioreactor.

Provided is a cell culture apparatus including a culture vessel that stores a cell suspension containing cells; a first filter part that has a first filter membrane that performs membrane separation treatment on the cell suspension extracted from the culture vessel; a first circulation flow path that allows components blocked by the first filter membrane to return to the culture vessel; a second filter part that has a second filter membrane that performs membrane separation treatment on components of the cell suspension permeated through the first filter membrane; a second circulation flow path that allows components permeated through the second filter membrane to return to the culture vessel; and a recovery flow path that recovers components blocked by the second filter membrane. In the cell culture apparatus, an average hole diameter of the first filter membrane is 20 μm or smaller, and 0<B/A≤0.5 is satisfied in a case where an average hole diameter of the first filter membrane is A and an average hole diameter of the second filter membrane is B; or an average hole diameter of the first filter membrane is 20 μm or smaller, and the second filter membrane is an ultrafiltration membrane.

Anaerobic digestion is enhanced based on the coupling of electron transfer with microbial electrolytic cell. A traditional anaerobic digestion reactor is used as the main body, a microbial electrolytic cell applied with a micro voltage is constructed, and the electron transfer in the system is optimized by an immobilized conductor material, to establish an efficient electron output-transfer-consumption anaerobic digestion pathway to produce methane.

Embodiments of methods and apparatus for T-cell activation, T-cell transfection, and T-cell expansion are provided herein. For example, the apparatus includes a pump connected to a circulation path and configured to circulate cells suspended in a fluid to and from a container connected to the circulation path, the circulation path comprising a 3D printed blood vessel bed comprising in order of cell flow an artery-scaled vessel, an arteriole-scaled vessel, a capillary-scaled vessel, a venule-scaled vessel, and a vein-scaled vessel.

A bioreactor system for culturing cells, comprising: —at least one bioreactor (3); and —at least one hydrocyclone (5a; 5b; 5c; 5d, 5d′; 5e) comprising: —a cell culture inlet (7) which is connected to a cell culture outlet (9) of the bioreactor (3) via a pump (11), whereby a cell culture from the bioreactor can be transferred to the hydrocyclone (5a: 5b; 5c; 5d, 5d′; 5e) when a cell culture is provided in the bioreactor, —a hydrocyclone separation part (13) into which cell culture can be introduced from the cell culture inlet (7), —a top outlet (15) through which a part of the cell culture with decreased cell concentration can be transferred after separation in the hydrocyclone separation pan (13); and —a bottom outlet (17) through which a pan of the cell culture with increased cell concentration can be transferred after separation in the hydrocyclone separation part (13), wherein said bottom outlet (17) of the hydrocyclone (5a; 5b; 5c; 5d, 5d′; 5e) is provided in a position such that when the bioreactor system is used for culturing cells the bottom outlet (17) is in connection with a headspace (21) of the bioreactor (3) and wherein said bottom outlet (17) is provided such that the bottom outlet (17) has a free space around it such that a cell culture transferred out form the bottom outlet (17) is allowed to freely discharge around the bottom outlet.

The method and system for processing meal from oilseeds after oil extraction includes biotransformation of meal and its cascade, sequential refining leading to the separation of the product or products with high added value, and finally obtaining the remaining biomass with an increased nutritional value compared to the original post-extraction meal material.

The invention relates to a method and a biogas plant for producing biogas, preferably from rice straw, wherein a substrate is fermented in two reactors (1, 2) in a circulating manner, so that a methane production from cellulose-and/or lignocellulose-containing substrate can be improved.