Disclosed is a method of adding a feed medium into a bioprocess. The method includes receiving a stream of CO2-rich gas; treating the stream of CO2-rich gas to remove impurities therefrom; preparing an aqueous mixture for absorbing carbon dioxide, the aqueous mixture having at least one inorganic nitrogen compound in a range of 0.1-50 wt % of the aqueous mixture, the at least one inorganic nitrogen compound is a nitrogen source for microorganisms; absorbing carbon dioxide from the stream of CO2-rich gas into the aqueous mixture, the aqueous mixture with absorbed carbon dioxide forming a feed medium; and adding the feed medium into a bioprocess.

The invention provides a process for producing a fermentable gas stream from a gas source that contains one or more constituent which may be harmful to the fermentation process. To produce the fermentable gas stream, the gas stream is passed through a specifically ordered series of removal modules. The removal modules remove and/or convert various constituents found in the gas stream which may have harmful effects on downstream removal modules and/or inhibitory effects on downstream gas fermenting microorganisms. At least a portion of the fermentable gas stream is preferably capable of being passed to a bioreactor, which contains gas fermenting microorganisms, without inhibiting the fermentation process.

According to present disclosure, there is disclosed an algae growth and cultivation system that provides a cost-efficient means of producing algae biomass as feedstock for algae-based products, such as, biofuel manufacture, and desirably impacts alternative/renewable energy production, nutrient recovery from waste streams, and valued byproducts production. The system as discussed herein is an integrated systems approach to wastewater treatment, algal strains selection for byproducts production, and recycle of algal-oil extraction waste or additional algae harvested as feedstock for fertilizer production. Embodiments of a system as discussed herein present an economically viable algae production system and process that allows algae-derived products such as biofuels, fertilizer, etc. to compete with petroleum products in the marketplace.

The present invention provides a system for capturing and recycling carbon dioxide in an exhaust gas, which includes a CO.sub.2 capture unit into which an exhaust gas containing CO.sub.2 is input, and which captures the CO.sub.2 as a high concentration enriched gas and separates a first treatment gas; a mineralization process unit which mineralizes the CO.sub.2 after receiving the high concentration enriched gas captured in the CO.sub.2 capture unit and discharges a second treatment gas; a mixing tank which receives the first treatment gas and the second treatment gas and mixes them so that the contained CO.sub.2 has a predetermined concentration; a photo-culture process unit which receives the resulting third treatment gas from the mixing tank to perform a photo-culture process using microalgae; and a control unit which controls the flow rates and the CO.sub.2 contents of the gases supplied and discharged to/from the CO.sub.2 capture unit, the mineralization process unit, the mixing tank and the photo-culture process unit.

A process for processing metal ore includes: reducing a metal ore, particularly a metallic oxide, in a blast furnace shaft; producing furnace gas containing CO.sub.2, in the blast furnace shaft; discharging the furnace gas from the blast furnace shaft; directing at least a portion of the furnace gas directly or indirectly into a CO.sub.2-converter; and converting the CO.sub.2 contained in the furnace gas into an aerosol consisting of a carrier gas and C-particles in the CO.sub.2-converter in the presence of a stoichiometric surplus of C; directing at least a first portion of the aerosol from the CO.sub.2-converter into the blast furnace shaft; and introducing H.sub.2O into the blast furnace shaft. By virtue of the reaction C+H.sub.2O.fwdarw.CO.sub.2+2H, nascent hydrogen is produced in the blast furnace which causes rapid reduction of the metal ore. The speed of reduction of the metal ore is thus increased, and it is possible to increase either the throughput capacity of the blast furnace or to reduce the size of the blast furnace. An aerosol in the form of a fluid is easily introducible into the blast furnace shaft.

A mobile emissions control system is provided for diesel engines operated on ocean-going ships at-berth. The emissions control system comprises two essential elements: an emissions capturing system and an emissions control system. The emissions control system may be mounted on a towable chassis or mounted on a barge, allowing it to be placed alongside ocean-going ships at-berth. The emission capturing system captures exhaust from a ship's diesel engine and conducts it into the emissions control system, which cleans the exhaust and then passes clean air into the atmosphere through an exhaust outlet.

A mobile emissions control system is provided for diesel engines operated on ocean-going ships at-berth. The emissions control system comprises two essential elements: an emissions capturing system and an emissions control system. The emissions control system may be mounted on a towable chassis or mounted on a barge, allowing it to be placed alongside ocean-going ships at-berth. The emission capturing system captures exhaust from a ship's diesel engine and conducts it into the emissions control system, which cleans the exhaust and then passes clean air into the atmosphere through an exhaust outlet.

The present disclosure includes systems and methods for hydrolyzing (e.g., pretreatment and/or enzymatic hydrolysis) lignocellulosic biomass into one or more sugars such as pentose and glucose sugars. The present disclosure includes configurations that incorporate flashing and/or liquid cooling so as to permit desirable throughput. The present disclosure also includes a liquefaction configuration so as to permit desirable (e.g., continuous high volume) throughput.

An autonomous control system can be used with one or more systems or components to improve the operation of the systems or components. For example, an autonomous control system can be used in combination with a biorefinery system to improve the operation of the biorefinery system.

Process for operating a cement or lime plant comprising a cement or lime kiln and a calciner, wherein heat is generated by combustion of a fuel in the kiln and/or calciner, wherein a gas fed to the kiln and the calciner or to the calciner for combustion of the fuel contains an oxygen rich exhaust gas from a bioreactor containing photoautotrophic organisms and wherein the plant is preferably operated in the oxyfuel mode by using exhaust gas from the kiln and/or calciner together with the oxygen from the bioreactor as the gas fed to the kiln and/or calciner for combustion of the fuel.