A method for enhancing extracellular vesicle production is described. A peptide that induces polymer formation is incubated with a cell culture which results in enhanced EV production. The peptide penetrates the cells and subsequently polymerizes upon exposure to enzymes (e.g. phosphatase) within the cell. The cells that contain the newly formed polymers have an increased production of EVs. These EVs can be harvested using centrifugation techniques.

A method for modifying access of cells to extravascular spaces and regions comprising administering to a patient an enzyme that cleaves chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans is provided. It has been found that administration of an enzyme that cleaves chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans to a patient disrupts extravasation of cells from the blood stream into tissue. The present invention provides methods of reducing penetration of cells associated with inflammation into tissue of a patient. Several methods are also provided for the regulation and suppression of inflammation comprising administering enzymes that digest chondroitin sulfates. Also provided are methods of treating and preventing inflammation associated with infection, injury and disease.

The invention provides compositions and methods for delivering agents to localized regions, tissues, or organs in vivo by conjugating agent-loaded nanoparticles to cells having homing capability. The agents may be therapeutic or diagnostic agents such as cancer chemotherapeutic agents and imaging agents respectively.

The present disclosure is directed, in some embodiments, to methods and compositions of comprising a cell having a non-internalizing receptor, and a nanoparticle surface-modified with a ligand that binds to the non-internalizing receptor.

Disclosed herein are compositions for assessing peptidoglycan (PG) biosynthesis in bacteria using modified D-amino acids covalently attached to a molecular rotor and visualizing the labeled PG in bacteria based upon the enhanced fluorescence of the molecular rotor incorporated in the PG. The resultant, labeled peptidoglycan structures are amenable for identification by microscopic visualization, flow cytometry or other suitable methods.

Mitochondria modified by a targeting protein, according to one embodiment of the present invention, can be effectively delivered to a target. In addition, when a protein of interest bound to the modified mitochondria is delivered into a cell, various activities can be exhibited. The modified mitochondria can effectively cause cancer tissue death, and thus can also be used as an anticancer agent. Furthermore, various activities are exhibited according to a protein of interest loaded on modified mitochondria, and thus the modified mitochondria can be applied in the treatment of various diseases. Additionally, a fusion protein comprising a protein of interest and a fusion protein comprising a targeting protein, according to one embodiment of the present invention, can be used in order to modify mitochondria. Moreover, mitochondria modified with the fusion proteins exhibits various effects in a target cell.

A method of single-cell encapsulation of cells using glycoengineering and click-chemistry is provided. Cells are treated with a precursor for metabolic engineering to modify glycans in a cell membrane and form reactive component A-glycans in the cell membrane suitable for a click-chemistry reaction. The treated cells are suspended in a polymer solution which has a reactive component B suitable for the click-chemistry reaction. The reactive component A-glycans react via the click-chemistry with the reaction component B thereby forming single cell polymer encapsulated cells. Applications include optimizing stem cell function, cell to cell crosslinking, formation of networks of cells or organoids, functionalizing the cells with reactive groups or attaching the cells to a substrate or surface.

Methods and compositions for modifying glycans (e.g., glycans expressed on the surface of live cells or cell particles) are provided herein.

Described herein are compounds, compositions and methods for modification of the surface of a living cell with a therapeutically relevant targeting moiety. Also described herein are methods for treating disease states, such as acute myocardial ischemia or infarction, with said compositions, in a subject.

Vacuole- or exosome-inducing indole-based chalcone and substituted triazole-hydrazone compounds that induce endosomal vacuolization and increase exosome yield, but do not trigger growth arrest or cell death, and methods of making and using are described.