The present application relates to a non-human mammal model of a human neurodegenerative disorder, methods of producing the non-human mammal model, and methods of using the non-human mammal model to identify agents suitable for treating a neurodegenerative disorder. The present application also relates to methods of treating neurodegenerative disorders and restoring normal brain interstitial potassium levels.

The present application provides methods of functionalizing an organ or tissue of a mammal by administering a nutrient (e.g., peracetylated N-azido galactosamine Ac4GalNAz) to the mammal or by culturing an organ or tissue in a bioreactor containing such nutrient. The present application also provides methods of selectively functionalizing extracellular matrix (ECM) of an organ or tissue of a mammal by administering a nutrient (e.g., peracetylated N-azido galactosamine Ac4GalNAz) to the mammal. In some aspects, the present application provides a decellularized scaffold of a mammalian organ or tissue comprising an extracellular matrix, wherein the extracellular matrix of the decellularized scaffold is functionalized with a chemical group that is reactive in a bioorthogonal chemical reaction, such as an azide chemical group. The present application also provides biological prosthetic mesh and mammalian organs and tissues for transplantation prepared according to the methods of the application.

A pharmaceutical composition for treating diseases related to inflammation or injury such as ARDS, comprising: (a) an active material derived from human somatic cells, the active ingredient being an extracellular vesicle produced by human somatic cells; and (b) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The somatic cells are selected from human tissue, bone marrow and/or blood-derived stem cells, etc. The dosage form of the pharmaceutical composition is selected from an atomized inhalation agent, eye drops and nasal drops. The pharmaceutical composition has storage stability and high dispersibility superior to those of a living cell formulation. A method for preparing an extracellular vesicle, comprising steps of culturing human somatic cells, removing cells from a culture system, mixing a culture solution with polyethylene glycol to form an extracellular vesicle modified by PEG, centrifuging, resuspending, etc. The formulation of the extracellular vesicle can be used for preparing a medicament for preventing and/or treating inflammations or injuries.

The present application relates to cells having high adaptability under hypoxic conditions and to a preparation method therefor. Particularly, the present disclosure provides cells having high adaptability under hypoxic conditions, the cells including at least one engineered gene having an indel within a wild-type gene selected from the group consisting of HIF1AN, HIF3A, PHD2, TLR4 and PAI1. In addition, the present disclosure provides, as a method for preparing cells having high adaptability under hypoxic conditions, a gene editing method including introducing a CRISPR/Cas9 system into cells.

The present disclosure relates to an organ extracellular matrix-derived scaffold for culture and transplantation of an organoid and a method of preparing the same.

Provided are a biomarker identifying method including (1) to (4) and an application thereof. (1) An evaluation value for each of a plurality of biomarkers is derived based on annotation information imparted to each of biomarkers, and a measurement target biomarker is selected based on the evaluation value. (2) The evaluation data of the measurement target biomarker is acquired from the cell A and/or the culture system, before the start of culture of the cell A and/or during the culture. (3) The evaluation data of the discrimination marker of the B cell is acquired from the cell A and/or the culture system, at the final stage of the culture of the cell A and/or after the end of the culture. (4) At least one biomarker indicating characteristics of the cell A is identified from among the measurement target biomarkers, based on the data obtained from (2) and (3).

The present invention provides methods of inducing proliferation of and/or differentiating cells comprising contacting cells with compounds within the methods of the invention. The present invention further provides cells obtainable by the methods of the invention.

Provided are a chimeric antigen receptor that targets B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA), and a use thereof, wherein immune cells expressing the chimeric antigen receptor can be effectively used in the treatment and prevention of B cell-related diseases, particularly multiple myeloma or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Chimeric transmembrane immunoreceptors (CAR) targeted to PSCA are described.

The present invention provides inhibitors of fucosylation during protein expression from mammalian cells. The inhibitors are derived from rhamnose and act by inhibition of GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase (GMD). The invention further provides methods of making proteins with reduced level of fucosylation, such as antibodies and antibodies made by the methods of the present invention. Such hypofucosylated or nonfucosylated antibodies may find use, for example, in treatment of human disease in which is it therapeutically eneficial to direct antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) mediated killing of cells expressing the antibody target on their surface, for example in depletion of Tregs in cancer patients using a hypofucosylated or nonfucosylated anti-CTLA-4 antibody.