The present invention relates to a Myoviridae bacteriophage Esc-COP-4 that is isolated from the nature and can kill specifically enteroinvasive E. coli strains, which has a genome represented by the nucleotide sequence of SEQ. ID. NO: 1 (Accession NO: KCTC 12663BP), and a method for preventing and treating the infections of enteroinvasive E. coli using the composition comprising said bacteriophage as an active ingredient.

Embodiments of the disclosure concern systems, methods, and/or compositions for cultivation of mammalian viruses, including at least human noroviruses and sapoviruses within the Caliciviridae family of viruses. The ex vivo culture systems include intestinal enteroids in combination with bile or a functionally active fraction or component thereof. In specific embodiments, the culture system is utilized to test inactivation compounds for therapeutic or environmental efficacy and to test contaminated comestibles and/or environmental entities for determination of the presence of infectious virus. Furthermore, antiviral compositions may be tested using systems of the disclosure, including drugs, small molecule inhibitors, and biologics such as neutralizing monoclonal antibodies.

Embodiments of the disclosure concern systems, methods, and/or compositions for cultivation of mammalian viruses, including at least human noroviruses and sapoviruses within the Caliciviridae family of viruses. The ex vivo culture systems include intestinal enteroids in combination with bile or a functionally active fraction or component thereof. In specific embodiments, the culture system is utilized to test inactivation compounds for therapeutic or environmental efficacy and to test contaminated comestibles and/or environmental entities for determination of the presence of infectious virus. Furthermore, antiviral compositions may be tested using systems of the disclosure, including drugs, small molecule inhibitors, and biologics such as neutralizing monoclonal antibodies.

Disclosed herein are recombinant adenoviruses with one or more nucleotide sequences inserted between two viral transcription units, formulations comprising the recombinant adenoviruses, and methods of treatment using the recombinant adenoviruses. In some embodiments, the one or more nucleotide sequences are inserted in an IX-E2 insertion site and/or an L5-E4 insertion site.

The invention generally provides methods for producing recombinant AAV viral particles using cells grown in suspension. The invention provides recombinant AAV particles for use in methods for delivering genes encoding therapeutic proteins, and methods for using the recombinant AAV particles in gene therapy.

Ligand functionalized substrates, methods of making ligand functionalized substrates, and methods of using functionalized substrates are disclosed.

The disclosure relates to a virus-like particle in which a protein complex is entrapped, ensuring the formation of the protein complex under physiological conditions, while protecting the protein complex during purification and identification. The disclosure further relates to the use of such virus-like particle for the isolation and identification of protein complexes.

Described herein are hydrogel compositions comprising cross-linked bacteriophages. The hydrogels are typically bioactive, degradable, for example biodegradable, self-healing, fluorescent, for example autofluorescent, and/or birefringent. The hydrogels described herein may be used as therapeutics or diagnostics, as scaffolds for material synthesis, as catalysts, as membranes or filters, or as biosensor substrates, for example.

Described herein are hydrogel compositions comprising cross-linked bacteriophages. The hydrogels are typically bioactive, degradable, for example biodegradable, self-healing, fluorescent, for example autofluorescent, and/or birefringent. The hydrogels described herein may be used as therapeutics or diagnostics, as scaffolds for material synthesis, as catalysts, as membranes or filters, or as biosensor substrates, for example.

The present invention provides HIV-1 vaccine immunogens. Some of the immunogens contain a soluble gp140-derived protein that harbors a modified N-terminus of the HR1 region in gp41. Some of the immunogens contain an HIV-1 Env-derived trimer protein that is presented on a nanoparticle platform. The invention also provides methods of using the HIV-1 vaccine immunogens for eliciting an immune response or treating HIV infections.