The present invention relates to the use of a nucleic acid molecule encoding a first reporter gene, bordered by at least one first pair and one second pair of sequences targeting a site-specific recombinase in order to detect cells of a mammal infected with a virus responsible for an immunodeficiency.

The subject invention pertains to attenuated influenza viruses, and related vaccines and methods, comprising a genetically modified viral genome. The genetically modified viral genome comprises a disruption in the non-structural (NS1) coding segment and one or more base substitution in the matrix membrane protein coding segment. The genetic modifications result in viruses that lose NS1 functionality, yet remain replication competent.

The subject invention pertains to attenuated influenza viruses, and related vaccines and methods, comprising a genetically modified viral genome. The genetically modified viral genome comprises a disruption in the non-structural (NS1) coding segment and one or more base substitution in the matrix membrane protein coding segment. The genetic modifications result in viruses that lose NS1 functionality, yet remain replication competent.

The application relates to the attenuation of a flavivirus, such as a West Nile Virus (WNV), Zika virus (ZIKV), Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV), Dengue Virus (DV), in particular DV4, or Usutu virus. The application notably provides a live and attenuated flavivirus, such as a live and attenuated WNV or ZIKV, comprising a mutated M protein. Said mutated M protein comprises or consists of a sequence, wherein at least the amino acids at positions 36 and 43 in said sequence are mutated. The application also provides embodiments deriving from said live and attenuated flavivirus, such as a WNV or ZIKV, such as nucleic acids, cells, cDNA clones, immunogenic compositions as well as uses and methods.

The present invention relates to the field of (vector) vaccines, and especially to novel promoter sequences, expression cassettes and vectors, which are suitable to express genes of interest, especially antigen encoding sequences. The viral vectors of the present invention are useful for producing an immunogenic composition or vaccine.

The present invention relates to the use of the immortalised cell line ECACC 09070703, deposited on 7 Jul. 2009 at the European Collection of Authenticated Cell Cultures (ECACC, Salisbury, UK) under the number 09070703, for the production of a viral vaccine constituted of an attenuated strain derived from a human metapneumovirus.

An object of the present invention is to provide a recombinant phage having high safety and excellent practicality and usefulness. Provided are a recombinant bacteriophage which is deprived of its proliferative capacity and can infect only once due to the fact that a bacteriophage genome in which a part of a virion constituent gene is deleted is stored in a head, and a method for preparing the same. In addition, provided are a recombinant bacteriophage which is deprived of its proliferative capacity and can infect only once due to the fact that a plasmid having a packaging site and encoding a target gene is stored in a head, and a method for preparing the same.

This invention provides a method of attenuating porcine pseudorabies virus, which can effectively and reproducibly attenuate porcine pseudorabies virus. The attenuated strain of porcine pseudorabies virus by use of said method can provide effective immunization for pigs.

Provided herein are improved vaccines for HSV-2.

Provided herein are improved vaccines for HSV-2.