Genetically programmed microorganisms, such as bacteria or virus, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and methods of modulating and treating cancers are disclosed.

The invention relates to new methods of moving helicases past spacers on polynucleotides and controlling the loading of helicases on polynucleotides. The invention also relates to new methods of characterising target polynucleotides using helicases.

The invention relates to new methods of moving helicases past spacers on polynucleotides and controlling the loading of helicases on polynucleotides. The invention also relates to new methods of characterising target polynucleotides using helicases.

A cytoplasmic male sterile triticale cultivar, designated 343CMS, is disclosed. The invention relates to the seeds of triticale cultivar 343CMS, to the plants of triticale 343CMS, and to methods for producing a triticale plant produced by crossing the cultivar 343CMS with itself or another triticale variety. The invention also relates to methods for producing a triticale plant containing in its genetic material one or more transgenes and to the transgenic triticale plants and plant parts produced by those methods. The invention also relates to triticale varieties or breeding varieties and plant parts derived from triticale cultivar 343CMS, to methods for producing other triticale varieties, lines or plant parts derived from triticale cultivar 343CMS, and to the triticale plants, varieties, and their parts derived from the use of those methods. The invention further relates to hybrid triticale seeds and plants produced by crossing the cultivar 343CMS with another triticale cultivar.

The invention relates to methods, kits, and compositions for reducing the level of or eliminating antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria in situ. The invention encompasses compositions and methods for selectively eradicating antibiotic resistance in bacteria that carry antibiotic resistance genes in the microbiota using packaged phagemids. The microbiota can be intestinal and the packaged phagemids can be administered to a healthy subject or patient, for example, orally, rectally (e.g., in an enema), vaginally, nasally or to the skin. The phagemid encodes a nuclease or other enzyme that genetically modifies the DNA encoding the antibiotic resistance gene so that the bacteria can then be eliminated with the antibiotic.

The invention relates to methods, kits, and compositions for reducing the level of or eliminating antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria in situ. The invention encompasses compositions and methods for selectively eradicating antibiotic resistance in bacteria that carry antibiotic resistance genes in the microbiota using packaged phagemids. The microbiota can be intestinal and the packaged phagemids can be administered to a healthy subject or patient, for example, orally, rectally (e.g., in an enema), vaginally, nasally or to the skin. The phagemid encodes a nuclease or other enzyme that genetically modifies the DNA encoding the antibiotic resistance gene so that the bacteria can then be eliminated with the antibiotic.

The present invention provides an approach to enhancing the production of a foreign protein serving as a protein-based pharmaceutical product in host cells such as cultured cells derived from a mammal. The present invention provides transformed cells having a novel Hspa5 gene promoter, and a method for secreting and producing a foreign protein at high levels using the transformed host cells.

Described herein are engineered cells and plants that contain a heterologous Diadenosine and Diphosphoinositol Polyphosphate Phosphohydrolase (DDP1) polypeptide, a heterologous DDP1 encoding polynucleotide, a vector or vector system comprising a heterologous DDP1 encoding polynucleotide, or a combination thereof. Also described herein are methods of making and using the engineered cells and plants described herein.

The invention relates to a new method of characterising a target RNA polynucleotide by taking one or more measurements as the target RNA polynucleotide moves with respect to a transmembrane pore. The movement is controlled by a DNA helicase. The invention also relates to a modified RNA construct wherein the RNA polynucleotide has been modified to increase DNA helicase binding thereto.

The invention relates to a new method of characterising a target RNA polynucleotide by taking one or more measurements as the target RNA polynucleotide moves with respect to a transmembrane pore. The movement is controlled by a DNA helicase. The invention also relates to a modified RNA construct wherein the RNA polynucleotide has been modified to increase DNA helicase binding thereto.