The present disclosure relates to compositions of immobilized enzymes on the surface of achromosomal and/or anucleate cells and uses thereof. In particular, the present disclosure provides genetically engineered minicells with enzymes self-assembled on their surface. The immobilized enzymes on the surface of achromosomal and/or anucleate minicells, has agricultural, industrial, and environmental applications due to their improved stability durability and, reusability. Also, provided are methods for producing and purifying enzyme-immobilized minicells.

The present disclosure relates to compositions of immobilized enzymes on the surface of achromosomal and/or anucleate cells and uses thereof. In particular, the present disclosure provides genetically engineered minicells with enzymes self-assembled on their surface. The immobilized enzymes on the surface of achromosomal and/or anucleate minicells, has agricultural, industrial, and environmental applications due to their improved stability durability and, reusability. Also, provided are methods for producing and purifying enzyme-immobilized minicells.

The present invention is based, in part, on the discovery and characterization of the CD-NTase family of proteins, as well as compositions comprising CD-NTases, methods of producing nucleotide-based second messengers using such polypeptides, and methods of screening for modulators of the structure, expression, and/or activity of such polypeptides.

The present invention relates to a process for producing a beer tittering agent via enzyme catalyzed bioconversion of hop-derived isoalpha acids to dihydro-(rho)-isoalpha acids and to the novel enzyme catalysts which may be employed in such a process.

The present invention relates to a process for producing a beer tittering agent via enzyme catalyzed bioconversion of hop-derived isoalpha acids to dihydro-(rho)-isoalpha acids and to the novel enzyme catalysts which may be employed in such a process.

The present invention relates to modified non-pathogenic microorganisms (e g bacteria, yeasts or fungi) comprising a cell and a heterologous lipid carrier, wherein said lipid carrier comprises a) a lipid portion, wherein said lipid portion is at least partially associated with an exterior surface of said cell of said modified microorganism and wherein said lipid portion comprises a ceramide-like glycolipid moiety and/or a fatty acid moiety, and wherein said lipid carrier further comprises b) a non-lipid portion, wherein said microorganism is capable of locating and/or displaying said non-lipid portion or fragment thereof onto the exterior surface of said cell, wherein said cell of said modified microorganism does not comprise a mycomembrane and wherein said heterologous lipid carrier is not alpha-galactosylceramide. A composition comprising one or more of the modified microorganism and a vaccine or adjuvant comprising the microorganism or said composition are also subject to the present invention and are among others, useful for the development of oral vaccines, oral drug delivery systems and anti-infectious agents as well as for various applications and/or treatments. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for producing or isolating said modified microorganism and a method for screening for a lipid carrier, growth medium, loading medium, loading conditions, or growth conditions.

The present invention relates to modified non-pathogenic microorganisms (e g bacteria, yeasts or fungi) comprising a cell and a heterologous lipid carrier, wherein said lipid carrier comprises a) a lipid portion, wherein said lipid portion is at least partially associated with an exterior surface of said cell of said modified microorganism and wherein said lipid portion comprises a ceramide-like glycolipid moiety and/or a fatty acid moiety, and wherein said lipid carrier further comprises b) a non-lipid portion, wherein said microorganism is capable of locating and/or displaying said non-lipid portion or fragment thereof onto the exterior surface of said cell, wherein said cell of said modified microorganism does not comprise a mycomembrane and wherein said heterologous lipid carrier is not alpha-galactosylceramide. A composition comprising one or more of the modified microorganism and a vaccine or adjuvant comprising the microorganism or said composition are also subject to the present invention and are among others, useful for the development of oral vaccines, oral drug delivery systems and anti-infectious agents as well as for various applications and/or treatments. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for producing or isolating said modified microorganism and a method for screening for a lipid carrier, growth medium, loading medium, loading conditions, or growth conditions.

The present invention relates to a process for producing a beer tittering agent via enzyme catalyzed bioconversion of hop-derived isoalpha acids to dihydro-(rho)-isoalpha acids and to the novel enzyme catalysts which may be employed in such a process.

The present invention relates to a process for producing a beer tittering agent via enzyme catalyzed bioconversion of hop-derived isoalpha acids to dihydro-(rho)-isoalpha acids and to the novel enzyme catalysts which may be employed in such a process.

The present invention provides methods for the cultivation of the Methylobacterium genus of bacteria. In particular the method provides methods for the efficient and inexpensive cultivation of these bacteria. Additionally, the invention provides methods for the utilization of these bacterial cultures to improve plant agriculture.