Provided is an inexpensive and efficient microbiological method for producing a protein. The method for producing a protein comprises culturing a microorganism while feeding a mixture of glucose and ammonia.

The invention discloses a fermentation method for production of fucoxanthin by Nitzschia laevis, including the following steps of: step A, preparation of inocula; step B, fermentation culture: inoculating of Nitzschia laevis according to a certain volume ratio to reaction kettle containing sterile fermentation medium for aeration fermentation, preparing fucoxanthin fermentation broth through culture mean of fed-batch nutrient components; step C, obtaining high fucoxanthin induction culture solution by aeration induction culture under irradiation of monochromatic light or mixed light; extracting fucoxanthin from high fucoxanthin induction culture solution. The invention optimized fermentation condition by fed-batch nutrient components during aeration culture of alga Nitzschia laevis, thereby significantly increasing the cell density of Nitzschia laevis in sterile fermentation broth, and then treating high density fucoxanthin induction culture solution of Nitzschia laevis by using light treatment, inducing the accumulation of fucoxanthin, thereby further increasing productivity of fucoxanthin produced by fermentation.

Provided is an inexpensive and efficient microbiological method for producing a protein. The method for producing a protein comprises culturing a microorganism in the presence of glycosylamine.

The disclosure provides, inter alia, methods of improving sperm function and related methods of fertilization, together with preparations of activated or potentiated sperm. The methods provided by the disclosure, in some embodiments entail energy depletion with subsequent staged reintroduction of different energy sources. The disclosure additionally provides articles of manufacture suitable for performing the methods provided by the invention. The invention provides kits for separating sperm and for processing and preparing sperm for, in some embodiments, IVF or IUI. Also provided are nutrient free reagents useful preparing sperm.

The disclosure provides, inter alia, methods of improving sperm function and related methods of fertilization, together with preparations of activated or potentiated sperm. The methods provided by the disclosure, in some embodiments entail energy depletion with subsequent staged reintroduction of different energy sources. The disclosure additionally provides articles of manufacture suitable for performing the methods provided by the invention. The invention provides kits for separating sperm and for processing and preparing sperm for, in some embodiments, IVF or IUI. Also provided are nutrient free reagents useful preparing sperm.

The disclosure provides, inter alia, methods of improving sperm function and related methods of fertilization, together with preparations of activated or potentiated sperm. The methods provided by the disclosure, in some embodiments entail energy depletion with subsequent staged reintroduction of different energy sources. The disclosure additionally provides articles of manufacture suitable for performing the methods provided by the invention. The invention provides kits for separating sperm and for processing and preparing sperm for, in some embodiments, IVF or IUI. Also provided are nutrient free reagents useful preparing sperm.

Provided herein are, inter alia, methods for preparing a liquid cell culture media that has lesser lot-to-lot analytical variation, increased performance, and has lesser metal ion concentrations compared to a liquid media prepared by traditional methods. Such liquid media may be used for culturing cells, including but not limited to, recombinant cells.

Provided herein is a culturing method for bacteria of the genus Rhizobium whereby a low viscosity can be maintained in a culture solution during the culturing of and at the end of culturing of said bacteria, and that enables easy and efficient post-procedures, including concentration and separation of viable bacteria, among others. This is achieved by growing Rhizobium bacteria by liquid culture using a medium containing a disaccharide (for example, maltose, trehalose, lactose, sucrose) accounting for at least 25 mass % of the carbon source in the medium while maintaining a pH of 5.0 to 7.0 in the culture solution throughout the course of the culture, namely from the beginning of the culturing to the end of the culturing of said bacteria.

Embodiments of the current invention include a hydrogel formed from crosslinked polyethylene glycol into which acrylated glucose oxidase has been immobilized through crosslinking to the gel. These hydrogels can be used to create hypoxia under ambient conditions for at least 72 hours and can be used to create hypoxic gradients. These embodiments permit the study of cells under a variety of hypoxic conditions.

A cell culture method includes culturing a cell in a culture solution that satisfies at least one of condition (I) or condition (II) below.

Condition (I): lactic acid concentration in the culture solution being lower than 7.5 mM.

Condition (II): ammonia concentration in the culture solution being lower than 2.5 mM.