The present disclosure relates to a subfractionation culturing method of a stem cell and proliferation method of a monoclonal stem cell obtained using the same. According to the subfractionation culturing method of stem cells and the proliferation thereof of the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, it is advantage that monoclonal stem cells may be quickly obtained without contamination, and desired monoclonal stem cells may be largely obtained in a short time through the rapid proliferation, thereby being used for the preparation of stem cell-therapeutic agents.

The present invention provides a method of preparing biomembrane, closed structure with biomembrane characteristics or cellular compartment, comprising the following steps: 1), acquire biological cells from natural tissues or natural biological species; 2), culture the cells obtained in step 1) massively in an appropriate environment; 3), acquire the lysates of cells in step 2), and extracting the biomembrane, closed structure with biomembrane characteristics and cellular compartment through differential centrifugation, density gradient centrifugation or dual-phase extraction individually or a combination of two methods or a combination of three methods thereof. The membrane is a natural biomembrane, closed structure with biomembrane characteristics and cellular compartment, which can be used for package of active ingredients in various fields.

Nematode dispersal is one of the key features for success as a biocontrol agent. Currently, commercially available nematodes do not disperse sufficiently when they are applied to a field. Since the insect target is mobile, nematodes need to be actively moving and seeking an insect host. We developed a pheromone extract from nematode growth medium that disperses nematodes. This extract was unstable in liquid form. We have found that the extract can be dried to retain activity during storage or shipment. Exposing nematodes to pheromone extract before they are applied to a field activates them to disperse and seek a new host. This exposure needs to be at least 20 min. When nematodes are actively seeking a new host this increases nematode insect encounter and increases insect mortality leading to increased effectiveness of insect nematodes as biological control agents.

The present invention relates to a medium composition containing an Ecklonia cava extract for dedifferentiating an induced pluripotent stem cell. Also, the present invention relates to a method for differentiating an induced pluripotent stem cell, produced by using the medium composition into a chondrocyte. When using the medium composition according to the present invention, induced pluripotent stem cells using mesenchymal stem cells can be produced efficiently, and the pluripotent stem cells which have been produced can be useful as a cell treatment agent by being capable of being differentiated into chondrocytes.

The present invention provides an algae culturing method in which a composition containing a medium that has been used to culture animal cells is used as a medium. The present invention further provides a composition for culturing algae, the composition containing a medium that has been used to culture animal cells. Moreover, the present invention provides an algae and animal cell recycle culturing method.

A conditioned cell culture medium of CD11b.sup.low human macrophages or a biologically active fraction thereof can be prepared by a method that includes (i) culturing a population of human mononuclear cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage for 5-7 days, so as to induce differentiation of the mononuclear cells to macrophages; (ii) incubating the macrophages obtained in (i) with apoptotic cells or in the presence of a pro-resolving lipid mediator to reduce the CD11b expression, thus obtaining a culture of CD11b.sup.low macrophages; and (iii) collecting the conditioned cell culture medium of CD11b.sup.low macrophages. Pharmaceutical compositions containing the CD11b.sup.low macrophages conditioned medium or a culture of CD11b.sup.low macrophages can be used in the treatment of cancer or fibrosis.

Human pluripotent embryonic stem cells produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer as well as methods of making and using said human pluripotent embryonic stem cells are disclosed.

An object of the present invention is to provide a technique for precisely arranging nerve cells on a substrate while suppressing the migration of nerve cells. A manufacturing method for a substrate on which nerve cells are arranged is provided, the method including a step of arranging, on a substrate, a plurality of liquid droplets containing nerve cells by an inkjet method to form one or a plurality of liquid pools, the substrate having a region in which a cell adhesive material is arranged and a region in which a cell non-adhesive material is arranged; and a step of incubating the liquid pool until the nerve cells sediment and temporarily adhere onto the substrate to form a cell aggregate. The diameter per one liquid pool is 500 m or less, and the density of nerve cells per one liquid pool is 10.sup.5 cells/cm.sup.2 or more.

Human pluripotent embryonic stem cells produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer as well as methods of making and using said human pluripotent embryonic stem cells are disclosed.

The present disclosure relates to a cell culture composition containing an extract from microalgae of the Thraustochytrid family, and methods of preparation and use thereof.