An object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing osteoblasts that are applicable, without causing risk of canceration, to bone defect repair or to the treatment of bone resorption, fracture, osteoporosis, or the like. To solve this problem, the present invention provides a method for preparing osteoblasts, the method comprising culturing mammal differentiated somatic cells in a medium in the presence of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of (1) statin compounds, (2) casein kinase 1 inhibitors, (3) cAMP inducers, and (4) histone methyltransferase inhibitors, to convert the somatic cells into osteoblasts.

In some embodiments, methods of delivering a therapeutically effective amount of an expanded number of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes obtained from tumor remnants to a patient in need thereof, for the treatment of a cancer, are disclosed.

Disclosed are methods whereby an effective amount of a HDAC6 inhibitor is used to activate a subjects T-cell response to tumor or tumor vaccine. Methods of using HDAC6 inhibitors to increase a subjects anti-tumor immune response, alone or in conjunction with other tumor treatments, are also disclosed.

The present invention relates to an apicidin composition for inducing differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into cardiac-committed cells, and a method for inducing differentiation into cardiac-committed cells using the same. The present invention allows mesenchymal stem cells to be specifically induced to differentiate into cardiac-committed cells even when an apicidin is treated for only a very short period of time of 24 hours, thereby being capable of solving the extremely low cardiomyogenic differentiation efficiency of mesenchymal stem cells, high cost, and long-term problems in the conventional art, and thus the present invention can be usefully used for treating heart disease.

Disclosed herein are compositions and methods of enhancing stem cell differentiation into beta cells with use of one or more epigenetic modification compounds. The present disclosure also relates to compositions and methods of sorting and enriching the differentiated beta cells. The present disclosure also relates to compositions and methods of irradiating cell population for reducing proliferation.

Described are protocols, compositions of matter and therapeutic means useful for treatment of ovarian failure caused by oncology treatments. The utilization of natural killer cells allows for dual activity of tissue regeneration in the ovary, while concurrently inhibiting possibility of oncology relapse. In embodiments NK cells are injected as an adjuvant to stem cell and/or regenerative cell therapy to not only enhance therapeutic effect but also to reduce probability of tumor relapse.

Disclosed herein are methods of reprograming autologous tissues or cells into astrocytes or astroglial progenitor cells using one or more small molecule compounds only without any transgenes. Also disclosed are methods of preventing or treating neurodegenerative diseases or neurological disorders associated with dysfunction of astrocytes, such as Alzheimer's Disease, by transplanting the astrocytes or astroglial progenitor cells produced by the methods disclosed herein into the brain of a subject suffering from the neurodegenerative disease or neurological disorder.

Compositions and methods are described herein for chemically inducing cells to change their differentiation state and become neuronal cells.

An in vitro method for identifying, isolating and/or enriching primate naive pluripotent stem cells, the method including analyzing transcription of a type 7 long terminal repeat (LTR7) nucleic acid sequence of a type H human endogenous retrovirus (HERVH) (LTR7/HERVH-associated transcription), and identifying, isolating and/or enriching primate naive pluripotent stem cells based on LTR7/HERVH-associated transcription, wherein LTR7/HERVH-associated transcription is a marker for primate naive pluripotent stem cells. An isolated in vitro population of primate naive pluripotent stem cells is obtained by the method, wherein in the cells LTR7/HERVH-associated transcription is elevated in comparison to control cells, wherein control cells are primed pluripotent stem cells or differentiated cells.

In some embodiments, methods of delivering a therapeutically effective amount of an expanded number of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes obtained from tumor remnants to a patient in need thereof, for the treatment of a cancer, are disclosed.