The present invention generally relates to a method for generating induced oligodendrocyte-lineage cells (induced OLGs) and treatment using such cells. The induced OLGs are useful in cell therapy, in particular for demyelinating diseases.

Embodiments of the disclosure include methods and compositions related to preparation of fibroblasts for use of treatment and prevention of a degenerative disc in an individual. In particular cases, fibroblasts are subject to de-differentiation that results in enhancement of their therapeutic activity and such methods include exposure of the fibroblasts to one or more agents and/or conditions.

The slow kinetics and low efficiency of reprogramming methods to generate human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) impose major limitations on their utility in biomedical applications. Here we describe a chemical approach that dramatically improves (>200 fold) the efficiency of iPSC generation from human fibroblasts, within seven days of treatment. This will provide a basis for developing safer, more efficient, non-viral methods for reprogramming human somatic cells.

In some embodiments, methods of delivering a therapeutically effective amount of an expanded number of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes obtained from tumor remnants to a patient in need thereof, for the treatment of a cancer, are disclosed.

Disclosed herein are compositions and methods of enhancing stem cell differentiation into beta cells with use of one or more epigenetic modification compounds. The present disclosure also relates to compositions and methods of sorting and enriching the differentiated beta cells. The present disclosure also relates to compositions and methods of irradiating cell population for reducing proliferation.

The present invention relates to an expansion culture method for natural killer cells and, more particularly, to an expansion culture method for natural killer cells, wherein the cultured natural killer cells are treated with an HDAC inhibitor. According to the present invention, when natural killer cells are subjected to in vitro expansion culture, the cells can be restrained from undergoing cell death, resulting in a remarkable improvement in the viability and production yield of the cells. Thus, natural killer cells, which are needed for cell therapy, such as cancer therapy, etc., can be obtained effectively.

A method for inducing reprogramming of neural stem cells from urine cells by introducing mRNAs of reprogramming factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and Glis1 is disclosed. A composition for the prevention or treatment of neurological damage diseases with the neural stem cells induced by the method as an active ingredient is disclosed.

The present disclosure provides methods for re-programming effector T cells to a central memory phenotype comprising culturing the effector T cells with a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) and IL-21. Further provided are methods of treating cancer comprising administering the central memory T cells.

A population of enteroendocrine cells (EEC) is obtained from a mammalian post-natal cell population, such as a population including post-natal stem cells, by treating the population with a plurality of small molecules that upregulate ChgA and promote differentiation of the cells to form the enteroendocrine cells. The upregulation of ChgA is such that the fraction of cells expressing CGA in the obtained cell population, as measured by a ChgA Immunostaining Assay, is at least about 1.5%. Small molecules that can be used to differentiate the post-natal cells into the enteroendocrine cells can include at least one of a Wnt activator, a Notch inhibitor, a Wnt inhibitor, a MEK/ERK inhibitor, a growth factor, a HDAC inhibitor, a Histone Methylation Inhibitor, a Tgf-β inhibitor, and a NeuroD1 activator. Also, the insulin expression of a population of mammalian cells is increased by treating the population with a plurality of small molecules that increase the insulin expression.

The present invention provides for methods, compositions, and kits for producing an induced pluripotent stem cell from a non-pluripotent mammalian cell using a 3′-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1) activator or a compound that promotes glycolytic metabolism as well as other small molecules.