Embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally to the production of therapeutic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). More particularly, the present disclosure relates to the use of cell culture compositions and methods for generating MSCs that secrete neurotrophic factors and synaptic organizing agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). As such, the present disclosure addresses the need for establishing a reliable source of therapeutic stem cells useful for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

The technology described herein relates to methods, assays, and compositions relating to causing a cell to assume a more pluripotent state, e.g. without introducing foreign genetic material.

The present invention relates to amino acid salts of nicotinic acid mononucleotides and nicotinamide mononucleotides and compositions thereof of Formula I, useful in the treatment of disorders and diseases associated with deficiencies in NAD.sup.+:

##STR00001##

wherein A, M.sup.1, M.sup.2, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are as described herein.

The invention provides improved methods for preparing hematopoietic cells for transplantation and the resulting improved hematopoietic cell compositions. The invention further relates to improved culture media and methods of culturing, processing, modulating, and expanding blood cell products for hematopoietic transplantation.

Described is a fuel cell comprising an electrode catalyst assembly, and a two-dimensional (2D) amorphous carbon, wherein the 2D amorphous carbon has a crystallinity (C)≤0.8.

The invention relates to a method for culturing a subpopulation of circulating epithelial tumour cells from a body fluid of a human or animal suffering from an epithelial tumour, wherein cells contained in the body fluid each containing at last one cell nucleus are separated from the body fluid and cultured over at least 24 hours in suspension, with formation of spheroids.

The present disclosure relates to compositions of ULSCs and/or conditioned media thereof. In particular, the disclosure relates to conditioned media containing therapeutic factors including growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and extra cellular matrix components.

The present invention provides methods or kits with inflammatory cytokines to pretreat 1-ISCs to augment their immune modulatory effect, in prevention and treatment of various diseases such as multiple sclerosis, arthritis, lupus, sepsis, hepatitis, cirrhosis, Parkinson's disease, chronic infections, and GvHD. The present invention relates to novel methods for enhancing the immunosuppressive or the immune stimulatory activities of mesenchymal stem cells (JvfSCs).

The disclosure provides methods for the long-term expansion of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors, the granulocyte-macrophage progenitors generated therefrom, and uses of the granulocyte-macrophage progenitors thereof.

The present invention relates to amino acid salts of nicotinic acid ribosides and compositions thereof of Formula I, useful in the treatment of disorders and diseases associated with deficiencies in NAD.sup.+:

##STR00001## wherein M.sup.1, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are as described herein.