A method for extracting differentiated cells from a cell population comprising undifferentiated cells after induction of the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. A method for extracting differentiated cells from a cell population, comprising the following steps: (1) a step of introducing, into a cell population, mRNA comprising a marker gene operably linked to the target sequence of miRNA specifically expressed in pluripotent stem cells; and (2) a step of extracting cells in which the marker gene has been translated.

The invention provides one or more of miR-290 family and Lin28a modified cardiac progenitor cell based therapies for the treatment of myocardial infarction. Exosomes derived from one or more of miR-290 family and Lin28a modified cardiac progenitor cells can also be used in cardiac therapy.

The present disclosure relates generally to methods and compositions useful in cell and tissue biology and therapeutics. In particular, an in vitro method for differentiating pluripotent stem cells into KDR.sup.+NCAM.sup.+APLNR.sup.+ mesoderm cells and/or SSEA5.sup.−KDR.sup.+NCAM.sup.+APLNR.sup.+ mesoderm cells is provided. The disclosed mesoderm cells may be used to generate blood vessels in vivo and/or further differentiated in vitro into endothelial colony forming cell-like cells (ECFC-like cells). Purified human cell populations of KDR.sup.+NCAM.sup.+APLNR.sup.+ mesoderm cells and ECFC-like cells are provided. Test agent screening and therapeutic methods for using the cell populations of the present disclosure are provided.

In related-art methods of differentiating pluripotent stem cells into a desired cell type, there has not been established a differentiation induction method using human ES/iPS cells and being highly efficient. Many attempts have been made, including a stepwise differentiation induction method based on the control of culture conditions or the addition of, for example, various cell growth factors/differentiation factors to a culture solution, but the use of complicated culture steps is a big problem. A method of inducing differentiation into a desired cell type within a short period of time and with high efficiency by use of a pluripotent stem cell that actively undergoes cell differentiation, which is obtained by reducing an undifferentiated state of the pluripotent stem cell, has been developed, and thus the present invention has been completed.

The disclosure provides an episome comprising OCT4, KLF4, SOX2, cMYC, NANOG, LIN28, and NRSA2. Also disclosed is a method for producing an induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell. The method comprises introducing an episome into a cell, wherein the episome comprises OCT4, KLF4, SOX2, cMYC, NANOG, LIN28, and NRSA2, and growing the cell under conditions to select for the presence of the episome. The method also comprises selecting a primary clone and growing the primary clone in a medium comprising a MEK inhibitor and a GSK3b inhibitor.

This disclosure provides miRNA/mRNA pairs that can be used to increase the efficacy of T cells or to down-modulate T cell efficacy and restore equilibrium.

Disclosed herein are induced hepatocytes from a trophoblast stem cell, methods for inducing the cells, and compositions thereof. Also disclosed herein are methods of treating a disease or disorder (e.g., liver-associated) by utilizing an induced hepatocyte disclosed herein.

A method of generating neural stem cells or motor neurons is disclosed, the method comprising up-regulating a level of at least one exogenous miRNA and/or down-regulating at least one miRNA using an agent which hybridizes to the miRNA in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or down-regulating Related to testis-specific, vespid and pathogenesis protein 1 (RTVP-1).

The present disclosure describes the role for miR-322(424)/503 in the differentiation of cardiac precursor cells. Thus, the use of these molecules in the programming of resident stem/progenitor cells into cardiomyocytes, both in vitro and in vivo. Such methods find particular use in the treatment of patients post-myocardial infarction to prevent or limit scarring and to promote myocardial repair.

A novel compound to induce a pluripotent stem cell is provided. A novel anti-malignant-tumor substance is provided. A pluripotent stem cell-inducing agent, including a single-stranded or double-stranded polynucleotide containing the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:41 or a base sequence including deletion, substitution, or addition of 1 to 3 bases in SEQ ID No: 41, in which the pluripotent stem cell-inducing agent induces a cell to become a pluripotent stem cell is provided.