The present invention overcomes the problem of processes yielding poor quantities of poly-gamma-glutamic-acid (γ-PGA) by providing a process and a novel medium for synthesis of γ-PGA in the presence of Bacillus paralicheniformis MCC 196. Wherein, the novel medium comprises tomato waste alone for cost effective and greener production of γ-PGA with yield of 40 g/L. In another process, non-sterile fermentation employs the use of a medium high in sugar content. Wherein, sucrose is used in concentrations up to 50% to obtain more than 280 g/L of poly gamma glutamic acid. The disclosed process is scalable and provides immense economic advantages.

The present invention overcomes the problem of processes yielding poor quantities of poly-gamma-glutamic-acid (γ-PGA) by providing a process and a novel medium for synthesis of γ-PGA in the presence of Bacillus paralicheniformis MCC 196. Wherein, the novel medium comprises tomato waste alone for cost effective and greener production of γ-PGA with yield of 40 g/L. In another process, non-sterile fermentation employs the use of a medium high in sugar content. Wherein, sucrose is used in concentrations up to 50% to obtain more than 280 g/L of poly gamma glutamic acid. The disclosed process is scalable and provides immense economic advantages.

Provided are a polypeptide having excellent 4-aminobenzoic acid hydroxylation activity and a method for using the same. The present invention provides a polypeptide having 4-aminobenzoic acid hydroxylation activity, consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 or an amino acid sequence having at least 47% identity thereto, and having an amino acid residue at position 47 of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 or a position corresponding thereto being leucine.

Provided are a polypeptide having excellent 4-aminobenzoic acid hydroxylation activity and a method for using the same. The present invention provides a polypeptide having 4-aminobenzoic acid hydroxylation activity, consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 or an amino acid sequence having at least 47% identity thereto, and having an amino acid residue at position 47 of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 or a position corresponding thereto being leucine.

The present invention relates to a method of storing a biocatalyst, which biocatalyst is capable of converting acrylonitrile to acrylamide, comprising the steps: (a) providing an aqueous suspension comprising the biocatalyst, which is capable of converting acrylonitrile to acrylamide, which aqueous suspension is an aqueous fermentation broth; (b) sequentially in either order or simultaneously (b) concentrating the aqueous suspension comprising the biocatalyst to a concentration of at least 3% (w/w); and (b2) reducing the temperature of the aqueous suspension comprising the biocatalyst to a temperature of below 8° C., thereby forming a concentrated aqueous suspension; and (c) maintaining the concentrated aqueous suspension of step (b) at a temperature of below 8° C. The invention also relates to a biocatalyst composition obtainable by this method and also the use of the biocatalyst composition in a process of preparing (meth-) acrylamide aqueous solution from (meth-) acrylonitrile. The invention further relates to a method for producing an aqueous (meth-) acrylamide solution comprising the aforementioned storage method and also to a method for producing polyacrylamide comprising the aforementioned storage method.

The present invention relates to a method of storing a biocatalyst, which biocatalyst is capable of converting acrylonitrile to acrylamide, comprising the steps: (a) providing an aqueous suspension comprising the biocatalyst, which is capable of converting acrylonitrile to acrylamide, which aqueous suspension is an aqueous fermentation broth; (b) sequentially in either order or simultaneously (b) concentrating the aqueous suspension comprising the biocatalyst to a concentration of at least 3% (w/w); and (b2) reducing the temperature of the aqueous suspension comprising the biocatalyst to a temperature of below 8° C., thereby forming a concentrated aqueous suspension; and (c) maintaining the concentrated aqueous suspension of step (b) at a temperature of below 8° C. The invention also relates to a biocatalyst composition obtainable by this method and also the use of the biocatalyst composition in a process of preparing (meth-) acrylamide aqueous solution from (meth-) acrylonitrile. The invention further relates to a method for producing an aqueous (meth-) acrylamide solution comprising the aforementioned storage method and also to a method for producing polyacrylamide comprising the aforementioned storage method.

Certain embodiments provide a method of reducing biuret in a urea composition, the method comprising contacting the urea composition with an isolated or purified biuret hydrolase enzyme under conditions suitable to reduce the concentration of biuret in the urea composition.

Certain embodiments provide a method of reducing biuret in a urea composition, the method comprising contacting the urea composition with an isolated or purified biuret hydrolase enzyme under conditions suitable to reduce the concentration of biuret in the urea composition.

A method of obtaining a compound may include adding a substrate to a medium in a reactor, and reacting the substrate in the reactor to form the compound. A first stream is separated from the reaction liquid through a first membrane. A second stream is separated from the reaction liquid through a second membrane. The first membrane is a filtration membrane and the second membrane is configured for liquid-gas or liquid-liquid extraction The first membrane and the second membrane are at least partially immersed in the medium and are moved relative to the reactor during the separation steps.

Provided is a means for preparing a free ceramide (Cer) from a glycosyl inositol phospho ceramide (GIPC). Specifically provided is a composition for digesting a glycosyl inositol phospho ceramide (GIPC) or a glucosylceramide for producing a free ceramide, the composition comprising a mushroom self-digestion liquid or purified product thereof.