The present invention relates to an amide compound solution comprising an amide compound and a surfactant. More specifically, the invention relates to an amide compound solution comprising amide compound, and 2.7˜20 mg of a cationic surfactant per 1 kg of the amide compound or 0.01˜10 mg of a C15˜C20 carboxylic acid or its salt as an anionic surfactant per 1 kg of the amide compound. The present invention provides an amide compound solution which is manufactured using a biocatalyst and which has a low level of foaming, and thereby improving the operability and yield when manufacturing an amide compound-based polymer.

The present invention has its object to provide a novel polypeptide having amidase activity to selectively hydrolyze S-enantiomer in racemic nipecotamide, a DNA encoding the polypeptide, a vector containing the DNA, a transformant transformed with the vector, and a method for producing an optically active carboxylic acid amide and an optically active carboxylic acid in which a racemic carboxylic acid amide is hydrolyzed with the polypeptide or the transformant.

The present invention has its object to provide a novel polypeptide having amidase activity to selectively hydrolyze S-enantiomer in racemic nipecotamide, a DNA encoding the polypeptide, a vector containing the DNA, a transformant transformed with the vector, and a method for producing an optically active carboxylic acid amide and an optically active carboxylic acid in which a racemic carboxylic acid amide is hydrolyzed with the polypeptide or the transformant.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a double-sided film containing the step of 5 forming a film in the interface between air and the mixture of a polymer comprising amine group (—NH) and a compound containing phenol or catechol by exposing the mixture on the air. Particularly, the double-sided film of the present invention is a separation membrane 10 that can separate the interface of liquid phase and gas phase and at the same time can be used as a biomaterial such as a haemostatic and also an waterproof agent. When the film is prepared in a moderate condition by using an enzyme, the film can include proteins and 15 cells, resulting in the multi-functional versatility film that can be useful as a biocatalyst. The versatility film of the present invention, thus, is not expensive and the production method thereof is simple and eco-friendly.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a double-sided film containing the step of 5 forming a film in the interface between air and the mixture of a polymer comprising amine group (—NH) and a compound containing phenol or catechol by exposing the mixture on the air. Particularly, the double-sided film of the present invention is a separation membrane 10 that can separate the interface of liquid phase and gas phase and at the same time can be used as a biomaterial such as a haemostatic and also an waterproof agent. When the film is prepared in a moderate condition by using an enzyme, the film can include proteins and 15 cells, resulting in the multi-functional versatility film that can be useful as a biocatalyst. The versatility film of the present invention, thus, is not expensive and the production method thereof is simple and eco-friendly.

The present invention provides cystobactamides of formula (I) and the use thereof for the treatment or prophylaxis of bacterial infections.

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The present invention provides cystobactamides of formula (I) and the use thereof for the treatment or prophylaxis of bacterial infections.

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The present invention relates to methods for preparing an aqueous acrylamide solution having a low acrylic acid concentration. In addition, the present invention relates to methods for reducing the acrylic acid concentration of an aqueous acrylamide solution. The methods involve a bioconversion of acrylonitrile to acrylamide in the presence of a biocatalyst, wherein during the bioconversion the content of acrylonitrile is maintained at 0.3 w/w % or more referred to the total weight of the composition in the reactor. Also provided is an aqueous acrylamide solution which is obtained by the methods of the present invention. Furthermore, the present invention is related to an acrylamide homopolymer or copolymer obtained by polymerizing the acrylamide of the aqueous solution.

The present invention relates to methods for preparing an aqueous acrylamide solution having a low acrylic acid concentration. In addition, the present invention relates to methods for reducing the acrylic acid concentration of an aqueous acrylamide solution. The methods involve a bioconversion of acrylonitrile to acrylamide in the presence of a biocatalyst, wherein during the bioconversion the content of acrylonitrile is maintained at 0.3 w/w % or more referred to the total weight of the composition in the reactor. Also provided is an aqueous acrylamide solution which is obtained by the methods of the present invention. Furthermore, the present invention is related to an acrylamide homopolymer or copolymer obtained by polymerizing the acrylamide of the aqueous solution.

Provided is a novel improved nitrile hydratase with improved resistance to amide compounds under high temperatures. Specifically provided is a nitrile hydratase having at least one amino acid mutation selected from (a) to (d) below, in the amino acid sequence expressed in SEQ ID NO:50 (X.sub.1 to X.sub.27 represent independent arbitrarily-defined amino acid residuals). (a) X.sub.1 is valine or glycine (b) X.sub.9 is valine or threonine (c) X.sub.23 is an amino acid selected from a group consisting of isoleucine, leucine, methionine and threonine, (d) X.sub.24 is leucine.