The present invention is directed to a process for preparing a compound of formula I-11 through multiple-step reactions: ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a method for screening a target gene using a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats interference (CRISPRi) system and uses thereof. According to the present disclosure, it is expected that the method may be used in wide fields as a tool for genome-scale gene function profiling and studying organisms poorly developed in genetic technology, including pathogens or industrially useful strains or cell lines, and as a platform for electronic regulatory network engineering of genes.

The present invention relates to a method for screening a target gene using a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats interference (CRISPRi) system and uses thereof. According to the present disclosure, it is expected that the method may be used in wide fields as a tool for genome-scale gene function profiling and studying organisms poorly developed in genetic technology, including pathogens or industrially useful strains or cell lines, and as a platform for electronic regulatory network engineering of genes.

Primary leachate is used as a plant growth stimulant. A fermentation medium is fermented with a microbial culture in a bioreactor to produce a primary leachate comprising microorganisms derived from the microbial culture and/or naturally occurring microorganisms. The primary leachate is isolated from the bioreactor, diluted with water, and used to irrigate plants to reduce bacterial diversity and stimulate beneficial microorganisms in the rhizosphere around the plants. The fermentation medium may be organic waste, preferably food waste. A secondary leachate may also be used as a plant growth stimulant. The primary leachate is used to culture black soldier fly larvae with a substrate in a secondary processing bioreactor under suboptimal culture conditions, thereby producing secondary leachate. Melanin is extracted therefrom by acid precipitation. The secondary leachate is then diluted with water and used to irrigate plants, reducing bacterial diversity and stimulating beneficial microorganisms in the rhizosphere around the plants.

Primary leachate is used as a plant growth stimulant. A fermentation medium is fermented with a microbial culture in a bioreactor to produce a primary leachate comprising microorganisms derived from the microbial culture and/or naturally occurring microorganisms. The primary leachate is isolated from the bioreactor, diluted with water, and used to irrigate plants to reduce bacterial diversity and stimulate beneficial microorganisms in the rhizosphere around the plants. The fermentation medium may be organic waste, preferably food waste. A secondary leachate may also be used as a plant growth stimulant. The primary leachate is used to culture black soldier fly larvae with a substrate in a secondary processing bioreactor under suboptimal culture conditions, thereby producing secondary leachate. Melanin is extracted therefrom by acid precipitation. The secondary leachate is then diluted with water and used to irrigate plants, reducing bacterial diversity and stimulating beneficial microorganisms in the rhizosphere around the plants.

Disclosed is a recombinant microorganism capable of growing using only carbon dioxide and formic acid by introducing and improving a metabolic pathway for synthesizing pyruvic acid from carbon dioxide and formic acid to enhance pyruvic acid synthesis efficiency and performing additional genetic manipulation, and a method for producing useful substances using the same. Advantageously, the recombinant microorganism is capable of synthesizing pyruvic acid, a C3 organic compound, at a remarkably improved rate, and in particular, grows well even in a medium containing only carbon dioxide and formic acid as carbon sources without a glucose supply, and is thereby capable of synthesizing pyruvic acid and various high value-added compounds using the same as an intermediate product in an economically efficient manner.

Disclosed is a recombinant microorganism capable of growing using only carbon dioxide and formic acid by introducing and improving a metabolic pathway for synthesizing pyruvic acid from carbon dioxide and formic acid to enhance pyruvic acid synthesis efficiency and performing additional genetic manipulation, and a method for producing useful substances using the same. Advantageously, the recombinant microorganism is capable of synthesizing pyruvic acid, a C3 organic compound, at a remarkably improved rate, and in particular, grows well even in a medium containing only carbon dioxide and formic acid as carbon sources without a glucose supply, and is thereby capable of synthesizing pyruvic acid and various high value-added compounds using the same as an intermediate product in an economically efficient manner.

The present disclosure provides engineered transaminase polypeptides for the production of amines, polynucleotides encoding the engineered transaminases, host cells capable of expressing the engineered transaminases, and methods of using the engineered transaminases to prepare compounds useful in the production of active pharmaceutical agents.

The present disclosure provides engineered transaminase polypeptides for the production of amines, polynucleotides encoding the engineered transaminases, host cells capable of expressing the engineered transaminases, and methods of using the engineered transaminases to prepare compounds useful in the production of active pharmaceutical agents.

The application of melanin to fabric improves resistance to chemical pass-through, with possible application in protective garments, shelters, and filtration materials.